Morphological development and sex of bovine in vitro‐fertilized embryos

Avery, B.; Jørgensen, Claus B.; Madison, V.; Greve, T.

doi:10.1002/mrd.1080320312

Cited by 133 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, the selection of embryos for sexing was performed differently in these studies. Our results might therefore be in accordance with other studies, indicating that glucose in the medium possibly favours a more rapid cleavage and growth of male embryos over females (Bredbacka & Bredbacka 1996, Peippo et al 2001, the latter having a slower cleaving process (Avery et al 1991(Avery et al , 1992 and being less capable of progressing from the morula/early blastocyst stage to more advanced stages of development (Larson et al 2001). Nevertheless, the study of sex ratio differences was beyond the scope of this experiment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Respiration rates of individual bovine in vitro-produced embryos measured with a novel, non-invasive and highly sensitive microsensor system

Lopes¹,

Larsen²,

Ramsing³

et al. 2005

Reproduction

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Oxygen consumption is a useful parameter for evaluating embryo quality, since it provides a valuable indication of overall metabolic activity. Over the years, several approaches have been used to measure the respiration rates of individual embryos, but a convincing method has not yet been reported. In this study, we introduce and have validated a novel high resolution microsensor technology to determine the respiration rates of individual embryos at different developmental stages. We have employed this technology to investigate the correlation between respiration rate and embryo morphology, diameter and sex. Following morphological evaluation, individual respiration rates of day 3 (n 5 18) and day 7 (n 5 60) bovine in vitro-produced embryos were determined. Of the measured embryos, 64 were lysed for sex diagnosis by PCR. Average respiration rates of day 7 embryos (1.30 6 0.064 nl/h) were 3.4-fold higher than day 3 embryos (0.38 6 0.011 nl/h). On day 7, the average respiration rate of quality 1 blastocysts was significantly higher than the respiration rates of the lower qualities. For both day 3 and day 7 embryos, respiration rates were directly influenced by embryo diameter but did not differ between sexes. These results have demonstrated that the novel microsensor technology can be used to accurately and rapidly (8 min) measure the respiration rates of individual embryos at different developmental stages. Respiration rates were only in partial agreement with embryo morphology, suggesting a slight discrepancy between these two methods in assessing embryo quality. It is likely that a combined assessment of embryo respiration and morphology would improve embryo classification and subsequent selection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Respiration rates of individual bovine in vitro-produced embryos measured with a novel, non-invasive and highly sensitive microsensor system

Lopes¹,

Larsen²,

Ramsing³

et al. 2005

Reproduction

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“…Embryos produced in vitro in a number of species fall into fast-cleaving and slow-cleaving groups, which are predominantly male and female, respectively. This phenomenon has been observed for bovine (1)(2)(3)(4)(5),** mouse (6,7), sheep (8,9), and human embryos (10). In vivo-produced male pig embryos, both before and subsequent to hatching from the zona pellucida, have also been reported to be larger and to have more cells than female embryos (11,12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 68%

Sexual dimorphism among bovine embryos in their ability to make the transition to expanded blastocyst and in the expression of the signaling molecule IFN-τ

Larson

Kimura

Kubisch

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

185

138

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IFN-is a secretory product of trophectoderm of cattle, sheep, and their relatives and is expressed for a few days in early pregnancy after the blastocyst first forms. It serves to alert the mother that she is pregnant. A delayed or less than robust IFN-signal is a likely cause of embryonic loss. Here we have determined whether blastocyst production of IFN-, which is encoded by a cluster of genes on chromosome 9, differs between the sexes in cattle, as assessed by culture of in vitro-derived embryos on two different media, one complex (tissue culture medium 199 supplemented with serum) with coculture support, the other relatively simple (synthetic oviductal fluid plus albumin). With both media, female blastocysts produced approximately double the amount of IFN-as males, regardless of such variables as oocyte batch, blastocyst quality, hatching, and length of time in culture. However, in either tissue culture medium 199, which contains 5.5 mM D-glucose, or in synthetic oviductal fluid, in the presence but not in the absence of added glucose, significantly fewer female than male embryos were able to progress from the morula͞early blastocyst stage to more advanced stages of development. It is possible that the differences between male and female embryos both in their production of IFN-and in their ability to progress in development in glucose-rich media are manifestations of phenomena that occur in vivo and provide plasticity in embryo selection during early pregnancy.embryo culture ͉ in vitro maturation-in vitro fertilization ͉ sexual dimorphism

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“…Recent studies support this notion (Avery et al, 1992;Xu et al, 1992;Pergament et al, 1994;Kochhar et al, 2003;). Male embryos created by in vitro fertilization grow faster before implantation than female embryos, and these fi ndings support a genetic cellular difference between the sexes that exists before the induction of hormonal stimulation (Avery et al, 1992;Xu et al, 1992;Pergament et al, 1994;Kochhar et al, 2003). Sex-related differences in the expression of genes during early embryo development have also been observed: females exhibit higher mRNA levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and hypoxanthine A role for cell sex in stem cell-mediated skeletal muscle regeneration: female cells have higher muscle regeneration effi ciency W e have shown that muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) transplanted into dystrophic (mdx) mice effi ciently regenerate skeletal muscle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

New Advanced Technology for Muscular Dystrophy

Huard¹,

Hoffman²,

Day³

et al. 2009

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE 31-03-2008 REPORT TYPE Email:5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBERChildren's Hospital of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15213 SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702-5012 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTSee Next Page(s). SUBJECT TERMSNone listed. Investigator: Huard, Johnny -7 - INTRODUCTIONResearchers continue to investigate whether gene transfer to skeletal muscle can enable both the production of proteins that might be therapeutic for muscle disorders and the systemic delivery of non-muscle proteins.Although the engineering of new mutant vectors has reduced the problems associated with viral cytotoxicity and immune rejection after gene transfer, the inability of most viral vectors to efficiently transduce mature muscle fibers continues to impede gene transfer to skeletal muscle. Results from our laboratory and others have shown that adenovirus (AV), retrovirus (RSV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors all can transduce neonatal mouse muscle efficiently; however, the muscle becomes largely resistant to viral transduction within a few days after birth. We have identified the primary barriers of viral gene transfer to mature skeletal muscle and have investigated methods by which to overcome these barriers. Among such approaches, the ex vivo technique constitutes the most efficient method for delivery of viral vectors (AV, RSV, and HSV) to mature skeletal muscle. In this project, we will investigate ex vivo gene transfer to the dystrophic skeletal muscle of mature mdx mice (which model Duchenne muscular dystrophy) by using isogenic muscle-derived cells (satellite cells or muscle-derived stem cells [MDSCs]) and retroviral vectors encoding for a functional human mini-dystrophin gene. We first will compare these 2 populations of muscle-derived cells-satellite cells and MDSCs-to identify which ...

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Morphological development and sex of bovine in vitro‐fertilized embryos

Cited by 133 publications

References 18 publications

Respiration rates of individual bovine in vitro-produced embryos measured with a novel, non-invasive and highly sensitive microsensor system

Respiration rates of individual bovine in vitro-produced embryos measured with a novel, non-invasive and highly sensitive microsensor system

Sexual dimorphism among bovine embryos in their ability to make the transition to expanded blastocyst and in the expression of the signaling molecule IFN-τ

New Advanced Technology for Muscular Dystrophy

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