Morphological Description and Classification of Wheat Kernels Based on Geometric Models

Abstract

Modern automated and semi-automated methods of shape analysis depart from the coordinates of the points in the outline of a figure and obtain, based on artificial vision algorithms, descriptive parameters (i.e., the length, width, area, and circularity index). These methods omit an important factor: the resemblance of the examined images to a geometric figure. We have described a method based on the comparison of the outline of seed images with geometric figures. The J index is the percentage of similarity between a seed image and a geometric figure used as a model. This allows the description and classification of wheat kernels based on their similarity to geometric models. The figures used are the ellipse and the lens of different major/minor axis ratios. Kernels of different species, subspecies and varieties of wheat adjust to different figures. A relationship is found between their ploidy levels and morphological type. Kernels of diploid einkorn and ancient tetraploid emmer varieties adjust to the lens and have curvature values in their poles superior to modern “bread” varieties. Kernels of modern varieties (hexaploid common wheat) adjust to an ellipse of aspect ratio = 1.6, while varieties of tetraploid durum and Polish wheat and hexaploid spelt adjust to an ellipse of aspect ratio = 2.4.

New Data on Seed Coat Micromorphology of Several Impatiens spp. from Northeast India

“…Previous studies on seed sculpture have shown its usefulness in plant taxonomy, as seen for Asteraceae (Shabestari et al, 2013), Caryophyllaceae , Poaceae (Martín-Gómez, Rewicz, Goriewa-Duba, et al, 2019), Ranunculaceae (Hadidchi et al, 2020;Rewicz et al, 2017), and Orchidaceae (Ortúñez et al, 2006;Rewicz et al, 2016). Our research is the first insight into the seed ultrastructure of five species from the genus Impatiens from Northeast India.…”

Seed Geometry in the Vitaceae

“…The seeds of Ricinus communis L. and Jatropha curcas L. in the Euphorbiaceae and those of cultivars of Triticum sp. in the Poaceae adjust well to ellipses of varied x/y ratio [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Oval shaped seeds occur frequently in the Cucurbitaceae, Berberidaceae, Eupteleaceae and Lardizabalaceae [ 27 , 28 ], while the cardioid is more common in Papaveraceae [ 28 ].…”

Seed Shape Description and Quantification by Comparison with Geometric Models

“…aestivum, cv. Torke or Zebra for example), the latter being more rounded [25,26]. Also, seed shape may vary in plants grown in different geographic regions or climatic conditions, as observed in Olea europaea L. [27], Jatropha curcas L. [28], and Ricinus communis L. [29,30].…”