Morphological classification of circulatory disorders of the canine and feline liver

Cullen, John M.; Ingh, T.S.G.A.M. van den; Bunch, Susan E.; Rothuizen, J.; Washabau, Robert J.; Desmet, Valeer

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-2791-8.50008-3

Cited by 62 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Portal vein hypoplasia, the preferred term to microvascular dysplasia, is also characterized by a lack of portal vein profiles and can lead to portal hypertension, given that congenital shunting is not part of this disease. 4 Although some cases of portal vein hypoplasia can exhibit bridging fibrosis, this disorder lacks the prominent increase in bile duct profiles seen with congenital hepatic fibrosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis in 5 Dogs

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Congenital hepatic fibrosis is a disorder of biliary system development histologically characterized by diffuse periportal to bridging fibrosis with numerous small often-irregular bile ducts and reduction in the number of portal vein branches. The condition results from abnormal development of the ductal plate, the embryonic precursor to the interlobular bile ducts. It has rarely been reported in veterinary species, and it has never been reported in dogs. This article describes 5 cases of a ductal plate malformation in dogs consistent with congenital hepatic fibrosis. On light microscopy, all 5 livers had severe bridging fibrosis with a marked increase in the number of small bile ducts, which often had irregular, dilated profiles reminiscent of the developing ductal plate. In addition, 80% (4 of 5) of cases lacked typical portal vein profiles. Cytokeratin 7 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry was performed on the 3 cases for which paraffin-embedded tissue was available. The bile duct profiles were strongly positive for cytokeratin 7 in all 3 cases, and they were negative for proliferating cell nuclear antigen or only had rare positive cells. All 5 dogs presented with clinical signs of portal hypertension. Congenital hepatic fibrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis in young dogs that present with portal hypertension and lesions that may have been interpreted as bridging biliary hyperplasia or extrahepatic biliary obstruction.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis in 5 Dogs

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They are thought to represent remnants of degenerating hepatocytes with a subsequent inflammatory reaction and are considered to provide circumstantial evidence for steatosis. 3,5,10 Normal dogs develop lipogranulomas as a routine consequence of aging, but the number and size of lipogranulomas seems to be greater in age-matched dogs with CPS, although this has not previously been quantified. 10 Hepatic steatosis (synonymous with “lipidosis”) may take a variety of forms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With macrosteatosis, the lipid vacuoles are as large as or larger than the cell nucleus and begin to distort other intracellular structures. 3,30 Macrosteatosis is a recognized feature of hepatic lipidosis in cats 5 and has been identified in association with congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs although not objectively assessed. 1,17,22 The amount of microvacuolar change that can be attributed to lipid accumulation versus glycogen or other substances has likewise not previously been quantified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Hepatic Steatosis in Dogs With Congenital Portosystemic Shunts Using Oil Red O Staining

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aims of this prospective study were to quantify steatosis in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts using a fat-specific stain, to compare the amount of steatosis in different lobes of the liver, and to evaluate intra- and inter-Observer variability in lipid point counting. Computer-assisted point counting of lipid droplets was undertaken following Oil-Red-O staining in 21 dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts and 9 control dogs. Dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts had significantly more small lipid droplets (< 6 μ) than control dogs (p = 0.0013 and 0.0002, respectively). There was no significant difference in steatosis between liver lobes for either control dogs and CPS dogs. Significant differences were seen between observers for the number of large lipid droplets (> 9 μ) and lipogranulomas per tissue point (p = 0.023 and 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, computer-assisted counting of lipid droplets following Oil Red O staining of liver biopsy samples allows objective measurement and detection of significant differences between dogs with CPS and normal dogs. This method will allow future evaluation of the relationship between different presentations of CPS (anatomy, age, breed) and lipidosis, as well as the impact of hepatic lipidosis on outcomes following surgical shunt attenuation.

show abstract

“…It is well-known that PSS often occurs in dogs [2]. The histopathology of PSS liver is characterized by mild periportal fibrosis, biliary hyperplasia, arteriolar proliferation, hepatocytic vacuolization, and lipogranulomas [1,2,6,8]. As far as we know, however, there are no reports dealing with the systematic morphometric analysis of histopathological changes in the whole liver of PSS cases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Hepatic Lesions of A Standard Poodle Dog with Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt

Isobe

Matsunaga

Nakayama

et al. 2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. A 1-year-and-3-month-old, male standard poodle dog with intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (PSS) was autopsied. Nineteen regions of the liver were prepared for detailed examination, and the distribution of hepatic lesions caused by PSS was studied in the liver of this dog. Histopathologically, the liver revealed a variety of hepatic lesions including lipogranulomas in the hepatic parenchyma, and a ductular reaction and microvascular proliferation in portal areas. The distribution of the lesions was not significantly different among liver regions. It is concluded that, in the present case, hepatic lesions caused by PSS are independent of shunt location, and are distributed equally in the liver. KEY WORDS: canine, intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, liver.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 70(10): 1125-1128, 2008 Portosystemic shunts (PSS) are defined as "anomalous vessels that allow normal portal blood draining from the stomach, intestines, pancreas, and spleen to pass directly into the systemic circulation without first passing through the liver [3]". Intrahepatic shunts are one of such vascular anomalies located within the liver, which are usually congenital and singular shunts that occur because the ductus venosus fails to close after birth, or they may arise when other portal to hepatic vein or caudal vena cava anastomoses exist [3,7]. When portal blood bypasses the liver, essential hepatotrophic substances from the pancreas and intestines do not reach the liver, resulting in hepatic atrophy [3]. It is well-known that PSS often occurs in dogs [2]. The histopathology of PSS liver is characterized by mild periportal fibrosis, biliary hyperplasia, arteriolar proliferation, hepatocytic vacuolization, and lipogranulomas [1,2,6,8]. As far as we know, however, there are no reports dealing with the systematic morphometric analysis of histopathological changes in the whole liver of PSS cases. In addition, there are not many opportunities to perform an autopsy on dogs clearly showing PSS, because it is basically not a lethal disease. Herein, we report one intrahepatic PSS autopsy case with identification of a shunt vessel, which is relatively rare to experience, with special regard to the characteristics and distribution of the hepatic lesions.A 1-year-and-3-month-old, male standard poodle dog was referred to the Veterinary Medical Center, the University of Tokyo, because of fever, prowling, and increased salivation. Abnormal laboratory findings included hyperammonemia (556 µg/dl; reference, 16-75 µg/dl), and hyper-bile-acidemia (over 140 µmol/l; reference, 0-25 µmol/l). Abdominal X-ray examination revealed an abnormally small-sized liver. Based on these findings, PSS was suspected and confirmed by the existence of an intrahepatic shunt through computed tomography scan and abdominal ultrasonography. The dog was operated on twice in order to partially close the shunt vessel. After the second operation, the animal was euthanized because of continuous bloody stools and vomiting.On necropsy, approximately 200 ml of ascitic fluid was ...

show abstract

Morphological classification of circulatory disorders of the canine and feline liver

Cited by 62 publications

References 33 publications

Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis in 5 Dogs

Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis in 5 Dogs

Evaluation of Hepatic Steatosis in Dogs With Congenital Portosystemic Shunts Using Oil Red O Staining

Hepatic Lesions of A Standard Poodle Dog with Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About