Morphological characters and yields of five Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) clones in Bali

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest vanilla production in the world. Vanilla has been cultivated in several regions of Indonesia, especially those that have at least three months of the dry season. One of the areas that have these criteria is Bali. This study aimed to determine five vanilla clones’ morphological characteristics and yield. The research was conducted in Jembrana district-Bali. A total of five vanilla clones were tested using a randomized block design with six replications. Vanilla clones were grown in a plot size of 13.25 x 8 m2 at 1.5 m x 1.25 m in a row. Morphological characters observed were leaves, fruits, roots, and yields. The results showed that leaf length was 16.97 cm - 18.52 cm, leaf width was 6.52 cm - 7, 11 cm, leaf thickness was 2.1 - 2.3, internode length 12.50 cm- 16.68 cm, vine diameter was 1.18 cm- 1.35 cm, number of bunches/trees 2, 70 - 6.15, number of flowers/bunch 14.55 - 20.30, number of fruits/bunches 12, fruit length was 15.69 cm- 19.35 cm, fruit diameter was 1.24 cm - 1.36 cm, fruit weight was 16.11 gr - 19.20 gr, and wet beans/plant production about 0.6 kg - 1.96 kg. The radix adligans of the five vanilla clones showed no significant difference with root lengths was 6.45 cm – 6.89 cm. Clone number 4 was adaptive and high yield in Bali.

Growth Optimization of Several Varieties of Vanilla Plants (Vanilla Planifolia Andrews) using Various Light Intensities

“…There is a significant difference in the diameter of the stem and the length of the internode between the local variety and vania 2, with the local array outperforming vania 2. This result contrasts with a study by Udarno & Hadipoentyanti (2011), which stated that vanilla clones 3 and 4 showed the highest yields compared to local vanilla. The same trend is observed in the internode length, where vanilla clones 1 and 4 displayed higher yields than local vanilla.…”

“…Local variety and Vania 2 do not show significant differences in agronomic traits such as vine length, leaf number, internode number, and chlorophyll content. Consistent with the study by Udarno & Hadipoentyanti (2011), it is indicated that there is no significant difference in vegetative growth between clone 2 derived from the Vania 2 variety and the local variety. Similarly, findings from Melati et al (2023) explain that there is no significant difference in the growth of vanilla plants between the Vania 1 and Vania 2 varieties.…”

“…Direct observations show that unshaded Vania 2 exhibits yellowing and wilting leaves, and in severe cases, Vania 2 plants exposed directly to sunlight become dry and appear scorched, eventually leading to death (See Figures 2 and 3). Vania 2 variety originates from Clone 2 with a stem diameter of 1.84 cm, which is not significantly different from other clones (Udarno & Hadipoentyanti, 2011). There is a significant difference in the diameter of the stem and the length of the internode between the local variety and vania 2, with the local array outperforming vania 2.…”