Morphological characterization of urea derived deposits in SCR systems

Ates, Cihan; Börnhorst, Marion; Koch, Rainer; Eck, Mario; Deutschmann, Olaf; Bauer, Hans‐Jörg

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2020.128230

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Specially, small pieces (∼0.5 × 0.5 cm 2 ) of SS electrodes was cut off, secured to the sample table using conductive tape, followed by Au deposition for 60 s with the plasma sputtering method for further observation under low power microscopic view (1000×) and high power microscopic view (5000×). The surface roughness of SS fibers was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM, AIST-NT, Smart SPM, America), accompanied by the calculation of root mean square roughness (RMSR) by ImageJ for further quantitative analyses of the SS surface roughness . The surface roughness of SS fibers was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM, AIST-NT, Smart SPM, America) in the dynamic mode, accompanied by the calculation of RMSR by ImageJ for further quantitative analyses of the SS surface roughness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surface roughness of SS fibers was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM, AIST-NT, Smart SPM, America), accompanied by the calculation of root mean square roughness (RMSR) by ImageJ for further quantitative analyses of the SS surface roughness. 22 The surface roughness of SS fibers was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM, AIST-NT, Smart SPM, America) in the dynamic mode, accompanied by the calculation of RMSR by ImageJ for further quantitative analyses of the SS surface roughness. A silicon cantilever with a spring constant of 6 N/m was used to acquire images.…”

Section: Fabrication and Characterization Of Ss Elec-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of Stainless Steel Electrode Characteristics through Thermal Oxidation at Various Temperatures Induces Different Microbial Electrochemical Performances

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS EST Eng.

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The impact of thermal treatment at various temperatures on the properties of stainless steel (SS) anodes and subsequent bioelectricity generation is investigated in this study. It is observed that thermal oxidation at different temperatures significantly affects the characteristics of SS anodes. SS electrodes treated at 900 °C resulted in the best bioelectricity generation of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 with a peak current density and power density of 0.36 ± 0.08 A m–2 and 1.15 ± 0.02 W m–2, respectively. Both experiments and molecular dynamics simulations indicate that such improvements may be due to not only the good biocompatibility of heat-treated SS electrodes but also the enhancement of direct extracellular electron transfer of S. oneidensis MR-1 to the anode. Moreover, using a home-made microfluidic device, we find that the biofilms on heat-treated SS electrodes exhibit better stability compared to unaltered ones. This study provides theoretical support for the application of SS electrodes in microbial electrochemistry technology.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fabrication and Characterization Of Ss Elec-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Stainless Steel Electrode Characteristics through Thermal Oxidation at Various Temperatures Induces Different Microbial Electrochemical Performances

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS EST Eng.

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“…These processes are prevalent in a wide range of natural and engineered systems, contributing to the formation of diverse surface patterns. Examples include the growth of crystal surfaces [1], the development of thin films [2], the advancement of biological fronts such as bacterial colonies [3], coffee stains, density of birds on a wire [4], sedimentary rock formations [5], the progression of chemical reaction fronts, and DNA walk [6]. The roughening of interfaces is influenced by both deterministic and stochastic factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Versatile Deposition Model for Natural and Processed Surfaces

Ates,

Koch,

Bauer

2024

Dynamics

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This paper introduces a robust deposition model designed for exploring the growth dynamics of deposits on surfaces under practical conditions. The study addresses the challenge of characterizing the intricate morphology of deposits, exhibiting significant visual variations. A generative approach is deployed to create diverse natural and engineered surface textures, governed by probabilistic principles. The model’s formulation addresses key questions related to deposition initiation, nucleation point behaviour, spatial scaling, deposit growth rates, spread dynamics, and surface mobility. A versatile algorithm, relying on six parameters and employing nested loops and Gaussian sampling, is developed. The algorithm’s efficacy is examined through extensive simulations, involving variations in nucleation scaling densities, aggregate scaling scenarios, spread factors, and diffusion rates. Surface statistics are computed for simulated deposits and analyzed using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The resulting database enables quantitative comparisons of surfaces generated with different parameters, where the database-derived parallel coordinates offer guidance for selecting optimal model parameters to achieve desired surface morphologies. The proposed approach is validated against urea-derived deposits, exhibiting statistical consistency and agreement with experimental observations. Overall, the model’s adaptable framework holds promise for understanding and predicting deposit growth on surfaces in diverse practical scenarios.

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“…It should be pointed out that because urea water solution has higher evaporation and atomization, it is not easy to form a deposit at a higher gas flow temperature and mass flow rate [19]. In addition, deposit growth can also be observed at the peripheral boundary because urea water solution is transported through capillary structures on the surface or within the deposit [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Exhaust Pipe Structure on Urea-Related Deposits in Diesel Engine SCR System

et al. 2023

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To solve the problem of deposits formation in the exhaust pipe of a diesel engine SCR (selective catalytic reduction) system, the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model of the exhaust pipe was established to research the influence of structural parameters on the wall film from the perspective of optimizing the flow field. The solid structure was simplified in the modeling without considering the flow fields inside the catalytic converter. The simulation conditions were obtained through bench tests and vehicle real road tests. The spray and temperature simulation results were verified via high-speed photographic and bench tests under three typical operating conditions. The conclusions are as follows: compared to the case with a step surface, wall film mass was reduced by 48.27~55.4% when the exhaust pipe had no step surface; compared to the case where the nozzle orifices were located 10 mm off center axis, wall film mass reduced by 2.83~6.38% when the nozzle orifices located in the center axis of exhaust pipe; compared to the case of 110 mm, wall film mass reduced by 21.3~24.72% when the exhaust pipe diameter was 100 mm. To eliminate the potential problem of deposit formation inside the catalytic converter, the nozzle should be arranged close to the engine turbine, and there should be no abrupt cross-section downstream of the exhaust pipe.

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Morphological characterization of urea derived deposits in SCR systems

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Regulation of Stainless Steel Electrode Characteristics through Thermal Oxidation at Various Temperatures Induces Different Microbial Electrochemical Performances

Regulation of Stainless Steel Electrode Characteristics through Thermal Oxidation at Various Temperatures Induces Different Microbial Electrochemical Performances

A Versatile Deposition Model for Natural and Processed Surfaces

Influence of Exhaust Pipe Structure on Urea-Related Deposits in Diesel Engine SCR System

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