Morphological characterization of the progenies of pure and reciprocal crosses of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) and Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

Abstract

Twenty-five traditional and thirty-four geometric morphometric comparisons were carried out on pure and reciprocal crosses of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) and Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Thirty fish samples each of the C. gariepinus (CH), P. hypophthalmus (PH), Pangapinus (♀PH × ♂CG) and the two distinct morphotypes of the Clariothalmus (♀CG × ♂PH) (Clarias-like and Panga-like) between the ages of four and six months were used for this study. Phenotypically, the Clarias-like Clariothalmus and the Pangapinus progenies were indistinguishable from their maternal parents while the Panga-like Clariothalmus was a phenotypic intermediary of the putative parents but looks more closely to the paternal parent. Hence, both univariate proportion and multivariate analysis of the collected data successfully separated the different fishes into three multivariate spaces. The analysis of the dendrogram with complete linkage and Euclidean distance further showed the close relationship of the isolated Panga-like Clariothalmus progenies to the paternal parent, however, Clarias-like Clariothalmus and the Pangapinus were completely intermingled with their maternal parents. The most important index of discrimination of these fishes into different multivariate spaces was the fin characteristic which showed 100% exclusive ranges for the individual groups in many cases.

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“…However, in this study, the four wild population could not be separated into individually distinct multivariate spaces judging from the observation of overlap in PCA and the dendrogram with complete linkage. This is contrary to the findings of Okomoda et al (2018aOkomoda et al ( , 2018b who reported that the pure and reciprocal crosses Clarias gariepinus and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus can be discriminated using morphological data. This also not in tandem with the finding of Hossain et al (2010) with Labeo calbasu.…”

Intraspecific morphological variations of the vulnerable loach, Lepidocephalichthys annandalei (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae) in inland waterbodies at southwestern Bangladesh

“…However, in this study, the three wild populations could not be separated individually based on PCA, CVA, and the results of the classification. This is opposing to the outcomes of Okomoda et al (2018) who described by using morphological data of pure and reciprocal crosses of Clarias gariepinus and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus .…”

Understanding the interactions of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(vinyl chloride) nanoparticles with BHK-21 cell line

“…Plastic waste accumulated in the environment undergoes slow degradation and disintegration under the ambient conditions and in presence of sunlight to generate smaller fragments called microplastics (size below 5 mm) or nanoplastics (below 1 µm) 1 , 2 . Recent studies have shown that such plastic particles present in the environment are entering the food chain and cause adverse health impacts 3 . The most commonly identified microplastic particles in the environment are poly(styrene) (PS), poly(ethylene terephthalates) (PET), polyethylene (PE), poly(propylene) (PP), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) 4 – 11 .…”