Morphological characterization of the false vocal cords as larynx-associated lymphoid tissue

Silva, Renata Calciolari Rossi e; Olegário, Janaínna Grazielle Pacheco; Corrêa, Rosana Rosa Miranda; Salge, Ana Karina Marques; Peres, Luíz César; Reis, Marlene Antônia dos; Paula, AC; Castro, Eumenia

doi:10.1016/j.prp.2008.07.003

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Increased collagen neoformation is associated with chronic activation of the immune system; there is a relationship between collagen neoformation and loss of the lymphoid tissue structure. [21][22][23][24] Studies done in our department have demonstrated the nature of cells composing the lymphoid follicles in vestibular folds of adults 9 and their depletion in AIDS cases. 5 Because of the importance of the immune system for local protection of mucosae, knowing the composition, arrangement and function of lymphoid follicles in vestibular folds is the first step in understanding the mechanisms involved in respiratory infection in AIDS patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Lymphoid follicles located in vestibular folds (two thick sagittally oriented laminae, with a double-sized mucosa, that arises within the supraglottic wall) 6 protect upper airways, similarly to lymphoid tissues associated with mucosae. [7][8][9] Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues prevent the penetration of many microorganisms into the body. [10][11][12] Cytokines produced in lymphoid follicles cause plasmacytic differentiation and antibody production (mostly IgA in the respiratory tract), a component of mucosal cell secretions, including that of the vestibular folds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in individuals with AIDS

Olegário¹,

Silva²,

Teixeira³

et al. 2011

Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.)

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Vestibular folds (VF) protect upper airways, but contain fewer immune cells in AIDS patients, which affects the structure of lymphoid follicles (LF). Objective To characterize fibrosis and immunoglobulin production in vestibular fold lymphoid tissues of AIDS patients with or with no infection and malnutrition. Materials and Methods A retrospective study of 71 adult vestibular fold autopsy specimens. The morphological analysis was done using the picrosirius staining method. Immunohistochemical methods consisted of anti-IgA, anti IgG, and anti IgM antibodies. Results Fibrosis was less intense in AIDS patients compared to subjects without AIDS; the same applied to patients with infection or malnutrition. IgA and IgG titers were higher in AIDS patients; IgM titers were higher in cases with infection. Conclusion This study helps understand variations in lymphoid follicle components of AIDS patients; it also shows the influence of architectural changes and the effect of associated respiratory infection and malnutrition on lymphoid follicle function.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in individuals with AIDS

Olegário¹,

Silva²,

Teixeira³

et al. 2011

Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.)

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“…The larynx represents a major site of exposure to inhaled, ingested, and refluxed microorganisms and irritants. To address these challenges, the mucosal larynx is rich in lymphoid tissue localized to the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis and the false vocal folds . Larynx‐associated lymphoid tissue (LALT) is characterized by the presence of reactive germinal centers containing macrophages, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes, though its role in immune defense remains unknown …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laryngeal T regulatory cells in the setting of smoking and reflux

2016

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Objective The larynx is a mucosal organ rich in lymphatic tissue that is regularly exposed to a multitude of inhaled, ingested, and refluxed microorganisms and irritants. The first line of mucosal immune defense is the barrier, including resident immune cells. T regulatory (Treg) cells are a specialized subset of CD4+ T cells that suppress or dampen immune responses to prevent damaging immunopathology. As Treg cells have been shown to preferentially accumulate at sites of infection and Treg responses may contribute to persistence of infection by impairing anti-bacterial immunity, we sought to quantify these cells in laryngeal tissue exposed to smoking and reflux. Study Design Cross-sectional study Methods Using an epigenetic assay, we quantified Treg and T cells and calculated the ratio of Treg to T cells (i.e., cellular ratio of immune tolerance or “ImmunoCRIT”) in disease-free laryngeal biopsies representing four inflammatory states: (1) tobacco-exposed tissue; (2) refluxate and tobacco-exposed tissue; (3) refluxate-exposed tissue; and (4) unexposed tissue. Results There was epigenetic evidence of Treg cells in all tissues, and we found no differences in Treg cell frequency relative to smoking and reflux in laryngeal tissue collected from 42 non-treatment-seeking participants. There was a decrease in total T cell frequency and an increase in ImmunoCRIT values in smokers regardless of reflux status. Conclusion In this study, laryngeal tissue from smokers show decreased overall T cells and increased ImmunoCRIT values. Our findings indicate that laryngeal inflammation is not directly mediated by loss of Treg cells in response to smoking and this environmental exposure in modulating laryngeal immune homeostasis. More studies are indicated to explore Treg cell dysfunction in the pathophysiology of laryngeal disease.

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