Morphological characterization of soot from a compression ignition engine fueled with diesel and an oxygenated fuel

Abstract

Compression ignition (CI) engines are highly efficient and are therefore often the first choice in application of heavy machinery and heavy duty vehicles. However, diesel engines are known to emit soot and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission. Replacing fossil diesel fuel with renewable fuel is one possibility to reduce emissions and to meet legislative requirements. In this experimental work, an oxygenated fuel blend was investigated for soot morphology and results were compared with fossil diesel fuel without oxygenates. Soot was sampled at a medium load case in a light duty single cylinder research engine and samples were analyzed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Furthermore, combustion characteristics and particle number (PN) emissions were compared for both fuels. The primary particle diameter (Dp), fringe length (L), fringe separation (S), and tortuosity (T) were also discussed in terms of soot nanostructure. The particle size distribution (PSD) showed a reduction in PN over for the renewable fuel blend compared to diesel. This PN reduction was from 107 to 106 (one order magnitude lower). The maximum Dp from morphological analysis of diesel fuel and renewable fuel was 69.93 and 66.36 nm respectively. Size range of fringe separation (S) was nearly identical for both fuels. Diesel fuel has marginally higher fringe separation, fringe length, and tortuosity. This investigation is valuable for fuel industries which are continuously upgrading renewable and oxygenated fuels to meet stringent emission norms.

Numerical analysis of the combustion process of oxymethylene ethers as low-carbon fuels for compression ignition engines

“…15 Different works have reported an important reduction of in-cylinder soot formation emissions either using neat OME X or blending it with other fuels. [16][17][18][19] Additionally, several authors reported the possibility of using of EGR to reduce nitrogen oxides (NO X ) emissions without affecting soot emissions, 14,20 overcoming the well-known Soot-NO X trade off. As a drawback, OME X has a lower heating value (LHV) lower than fossil Diesel.…”

Characterization from Diesel and Renewable Fuel Engine Exhaust: Particulate Size/Mass Distributions and Optical Properties

“…The worldwide demand for transport energy is large and is growing every year despite of development in electric vehicles (Liu et al 2022;Lebrouhi et al 2021;Chia et al 2022). Diesel engines offer numerous advantages over other power plants and are prevalent in the industrial, agricultural, heavy-duty transport sectors and commercial establishments (Sharma et al 2022;Reddy et al 2018;Hoang 2021). These advantages include higher power output, higher thermal efficiency, higher torque, better durability, and superior brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC).…”

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

“…It implies that CO-rich syngas lowered PNC than H 2 rich syngas. High combustion temperature with an adequate oxygen environment enhanced the soot oxidation, 478 resulting in smaller D p . 479 Methanol/diesel DF combustion showed more clustered soot particles than gasoline/ diesel, owing to lower in-cylinder temperatures.…”