Morphological characterization of fruit, seeds and seedlings of white-seal (Chrysophyllum rufum Mart. -Sapotaceae)

Abstract

Chrysophyllum is the second largest genus of Sapotaceae, with 81 species distributed in the neotropics. Little data are found in the literature regarding the morphology of seedlings and the early development of this genus. This study aims to morphologically characterize the fruit, seeds and seedlings of Chrysophyllum rufum Mart. Fruits were collected from individuals present in two fragments of the Atlantic Forest, Pernambuco. A sample of 100 seeds and 100 fruits was randomly selected to obtain the morphological data. The seeds were sown in plastic trays in a greenhouse. The fruits are bacoid, obovoid and globose with one or two functional seeds per fruit. The seeds are obovate, with the shape of the hilum ranging from elliptical transverse to oblong transverse. The embryo is cotyledonar, with a spatulated form. The cotyledons are foliaceous and whitish-translucent. The endosperm is abundant and whitish. Germination is epigeal, phanerocotylar and unipolar. The seedling has different characteristics than those of the adult individual, such as the shape and leaf consistency, type of leaf margin, type of venation variation, number of pairs of secondary veins, trichome coloring and abundance of latex. Keywords: morphological description, germination, propagules, Atlantic Rainforest. Caracterização morfológica do fruto, sementes e morfofunção de plântula do lacre-branco (Chrysophyllum rufum Matius -Sapotaceae).Resumo: Chrysophyllum é o segundo maior gênero de Sapotaceae, com 81 espécies distribuídas nos neotrópicos. Dados encontrados na literatura sobre a morfologia dos propágulos e desenvolvimento inicial do gênero ainda são escassos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar morfologicamente o fruto, a semente e a plântula de Chrysophyllum rufum Mart.. Os frutos foram coletados de indivíduos presentes em fragmentos de floresta Atlântica, Pernambuco. Uma amostra de 100 frutos e 100 sementes foi selecionada aleatoriamente para obtenção dos dados morfológicos. As sementes foram semeadas em bandejas plásticas, em casa de vegetação. Os frutos são do tipo bacóide, obovóides a globosos, com uma ou duas sementes funcionais por fruto. As sementes são obovadas, hilo com forma variando de transversal elíptica a transversal oblonga. O embrião é cotiledonar, com forma espatulada. Os cotilédones são foliáceos, esbranquiçado-translúcido. O endosperma é abundante e esbranquiçado. A germinação é epígea, fanerocotiledonar e unipolar. A plântula apresenta caracteres diferentes do indivíduo adulto, tais como a forma e consistência foliar, tipo de margem foliar, variação do tipo de venação, número de pares de veias secundárias, coloração do tricoma e abundância do látex.

Morphological Features of Fruits of Various Species of Chilli Peppers

“…The evaluation of plant genetic resources has been considered of prime importance, especially in those species having economic importance (Dibuz et al, 1998;Grygorieva et al, 2014Grygorieva et al, , 2017Grygorieva et al, , 2018aMonka et al, 2014;Lima et al, 2017;Ivanišová et al, 2017;Vinogradova et al, 2017;Fatrcová-Šramková et al, 2019;Brindza et al, 2019).…”

Morphological characterization of seeds and germination of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Pinaceae)

“…Dugand and Anacardium excelsum (Bertero & Balb ex Kunth) Skeels (Espitia Camacho et al, 2017). In addition, the variation in the morphological characteristics of the fruit, seed and seedling of Chrysophyllum rufum Mart., Contributed to the identification and delimitation of the species in its natural habitat (Lima et al, 2017). Thus, phenotypic variability has been observed in P. menziesii with a different one based on the morphological characteristics of the cones (Chekmeneva et al, 2019).…”