Morphological characterization of cultivated almonds in Lebanon

Abstract

-Introduction. Although almond (Prunus dulcis L.) is one of the most important cultivated fruit trees in Lebanon, cultivated accessions have not yet been inventoried, and the identity of the varieties is unknown. Our study therefore aimed at assessing the genetic diversity of cultivated almonds in Lebanon using morphological characters. Materials and methods. Field surveys were performed in 2002-2003 with the aim of collecting different accessions of cultivated almond trees throughout the country. Thirty-six accessions were characterized in their cultivated habitats by using 20 qualitative and quantitative traits related mainly to the fruit, according to descriptors previously established by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). Results. A large diversity was revealed among accessions, probably due to genetic differences. Based on the qualitative studied traits, the dendogram indicated that most of the accessions were clearly distinguishable and only two cases of synonymy were observed. They have been clustered into three main groups at 0.37 of Jaccard similarity distance. Conclusion. This study needs to be completed by a DNA analysis, in order to highlight the influence of environmental conditions on the variability in the P. dulcis germplasm and to confirm the genetic distances among accessions. Lebanon / Prunus dulcis / genetic variation / genetic resources / germplasm / agronomic characters / nuts Caractérisation morphologique des amandiers cultivés au Liban.Résumé -Introduction. Bien que l'amandier (Prunus dulcis L.) soit l'une des espèces fruitières les plus importantes au Liban, les formes cultivées n'ont pas encore été inventoriées ou identifiées. Notre étude a donc consisté en une caractérisation morphologique des amandiers du Liban. Matériel et méthodes. Des prospections menées en 2002-2003 ont permis de collecter 36 accessions d'amandier et de les caractériser dans leurs habitats naturels. Vingt descripteurs qualitatifs et quantitatifs, du fruit principalement, précédemment établis par l'Institut international des ressources phytogénétiques (IPGRI), ont été utilisés. Résultats. Une diversité importante est apparue au sein des accessions étudiées ; elle pourrait être d'origine géné-tique. Le dendogramme construit sur la base des caractères qualitatifs étudiés indique que la plupart des accessions se distinguent bien les unes des autres et seulement deux cas de synonymie ont été repérés. Ces accessions ont pu être structurées en trois groupes à une distance de Jaccard de 0.37. Conclusion. Cette étude a besoin d'être complétée par une analyse d'ADN, afin d'examiner l'influence des facteurs environnementaux sur la variabilité du germplasm d'amandier et de confirmer les distances génétiques révélées entre les accessions.Liban / Prunus dulcis / variation génétique / ressource génétique / germplasm / caractère agronomique / fruits à coque

In situ evaluation of the fruit and oil characteristics of the main Lebanese olive germplasm

“…The fruit fresh weights of Soury, Del and Abou chawkeh were substantially similar to values reported in the literature for the same varieties. 2 All the genotypes were deemed suitable for the production of oil, since, according to the classification proposed by Barranco-Navero et al 11 for the characterisation of olive varieties, the oil content was between medium and high, with Aayrouni having extremely high values. The highest fruit pulp/pit ratio measured in the variety Abou chawkeh confirmed that this variety is the best for table olive production.…”

“…Baladi, the most widespread variety in Lebanon, has been shown to have a large morphological variability . This variability is most likely the result of its broad geographical distribution throughout Lebanon, associated with different environmental conditions and cultural practices, and of clonal variation after years of domestication . Moreover, Baladi means ‘local’, that is, something autochthonous.…”

Chemical and Sensorial Characteristics of Olive Oil Produced from the Lebanese Olive Variety ‘Baladi’

“…Olive production mainly occurs in the North (41%) and the South-Nabatiye (36%) [17]. Among all, 'Baladi' (that means local or autochthonous in Arabic language) is the most cultivated variety for its adaptation to the local climatic conditions and for its double use value [18][19][20][21][22]. 'Baladi', also known in many regions as 'Soury' (according to the Lebanese town of Tyre that means in Arabic language Sour), is characterized by a medium to high oil content (around 28% expressed on fresh weight basis) and has a low pulp to pit ratio.…”

Characterization of Early Growth of Several Families of Manglid on Progeny Test at Sukamantri, Ciamis District

“…Kayu manglid banyak digunakan sebagai bahan konstruksi ringan, kayu pertukangan, kerajinan, perabot rumah tangga dan potensial sebagai baku industri pulp dan kertas (Siarudin, Sudomo, Indrjaya, Puspitojati, & Mindawati, 2016). Hingga saat ini, manglid menjadi jenis andalan setempat di Jawa Barat dan menjadi salah satu unggulan untuk hutan rakyat khususnya di wilayah Jawa Barat Bagian Timur (Rohandi & Gunawan, 2014;Winara, Hani, & Pieter, 2016;Indrjaya, 2016 dan Nuclea orientalis (Riany, Siregar, & Sudrajat, 2018 (Chalak et al, 2007;Sorkheh et al, 2010…”