Morphological Characterization of Arum cyrenaicum Hruby Plant in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar Region - Libya

Abstract

: The Araceae family is one of the widely distributed plant families globally and among the native species representing this family in Libya, especially in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region, is Arum cyrenaicum. which has not been studied morphologically since 1977. Therefore, this study aims to give a detailed morphological characterization of Arum cyrenaicum. and verify that there are no other species of Arum in nineteen locations of Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar for two seasons 2019-2020, and as a study to be added to the Libyan flora data. The results of the field study showed the presence of Arum cyrenaicum. in all studied locations. The study was also able to record it for the first time at 14 new locations and did not record any other genus Arum species. The results of the morphological study also showed that it is a tuber discoid herbaceous annual plant, which grows in the early fall season. It is characterized by simple sagittate and hastate leaves with long petiole, single inflorescence (spadix), sail shaped, dark purple in color, and it consists of two parts (spathe, spadix). It has the smell of dung, is bisexual, monoecious, with female flowers situated at the bottom of male flowers, anther consistes of two thecae, superior ovary with single locule, parietal placentation, fruit berries red when ripe, and a seed shape ovate.

Habitat, morphology and age of cuttlefish and squids (Cephalopoda) in the southern Mediterranean Sea (Bumba Bay, eastern Libya)

“…The length-weight relationships showed negative allometric growth. This agrees with Abdulrraziq (2014) [4] . The length-weight relationship based on body length was stronger than that based on total length.…”

“…and Sepia officinalis) in the coastal waters of the eastern part of Libya. Abdulrraziq (2014) [4] , based on molecular techniques, identified five cephalopods from Ain El-Ghazala lagoon, eastern Linya: Octopus vulgaris, Sepia officinalis, S. elegans, S. orbignyana, and S. prashadi. S. officinalis was the most abundant.…”

“…A total of 117 samples were collected randomly from the artisanal catch of Bumba Bay during winter and spring (January to April), 2019. The samples were identified according to Abdulrraziq (2014) [4] as Sepioteuthis lessoniana (40 individuals), S. officinalis (31), S. prashadi (18), S. elegans (14), and S. orbignyana (3) species; another three species, designated Sb (6), Sc (4) and Sa (1), were sent abroad for identification.…”

“…Many of the Mediterranean Sea countries practice cephalopods fishery; for example, in Egypt Mediterranean Sea, cephalopods constitute 9.8% of the total fish catch (Riad, 1993) [3] . In Libya, Abdulrraziq (2014) [4] recorded 4 Sepiidae species (Sepia officinalis, S. orbignyana, S. elegans and S. prashadi) that constitute, with other cephalopods, the basis of a small but significant seasonal artisanal fishery. However, the size of the potential has not been determined, and fisheries statistics and biological studies, are lacking.…”

Carbon‐sensitive pedotransfer functions for plant available water

“…Calcareous soils have been reported to require more frequent irrigation than noncalcareous soils to achieve the same crop yield, indicating that they may have lower θ AWHC . Substantial amounts of calcium carbonate have been found to lower water retention in repacked soil samples (Stakman & Bishay, 1975) and to increase bulk density (Habel, 2014). It has been proposed that presence of calcium carbonate may alter water retention not only through changes in effective soil texture (e.g., carbonates the size of silicate clays), but also via alteration of soil structure and pores (Jackson & Eire, 1973), although analysis on intact samples would be needed to confirm such an effect.…”