Morphological characteristics of the posterior neck muscles and anatomical landmarks for botulinum toxin injections

Torun, Bilge İpek; Kendir, Simel; Filgueira, Luis; Tubbs, R. Shane; Uz, Aysun

doi:10.1007/s00276-021-02745-2

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…This could be because SPECT/CT revealed the activation of RCPM in patients with RCD, thus we performed more EMG detection and injection in RCPM than in OCI. For the injection of these three muscles, the spinous process of C2 is a very important landmark ( 17 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retroform Cervical Dystonia: Target Muscle Selection and Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Injection

Pan

et al. 2022

Front. Neurol.

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IntroductionRetroform cervical dystonia (RCD), which includes retrocaput and retrocollis, is a rare form of cervical dystonia. Few reports have been published on RCD. The present study aimed to characterize the target muscles involved in RCD and the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection.MethodsPatients with consecutive cervical dystonia with RCD as the most problematic feature were retrospectively analyzed over a 10-year period. Target muscles were screened and confirmed based on clinical evaluation, single-photon emission computed tomography, and electromyography. In addition, efficacy and adverse events following BTX-A injection in patients with RCD were evaluated.ResultsA total of 34 patients with RCD were included, 18 of whom presented with retrocaput and 16 with retrocollis. The most frequently injected muscles in RCD were splenius capitis (SPCa, 97.1%) and semispinalis capitis (SSCa, 97.1%), followed by levator scapulae (LS, 50.0%), rectus capitis posterior major (RCPM, 47.1%), trapezius (TPZ, 41.2%), and sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM, 41.2%). Besides cervical muscles, the erector spinae was also injected in 17.6% of patients. Most muscles were predominantly bilaterally injected. The injection schemes of retrocaput and retrocollis were similar, possibly because in patients with retrocollis, retrocaput was often combined. BTX-A injection achieved a satisfactory therapeutic effect in RCD, with an average symptom relief rate of 69.0 ± 16.7%. Mild dysphagia (17.6%) and posterior cervical muscle weakness (17.6%) were the most common adverse events.ConclusionSPCa, SSCa, LS, RCPM, LS, and SCM were commonly and often bilaterally injected in RCD. Patients with RCD could achieve satisfactory symptom relief after BTX-A injection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retroform Cervical Dystonia: Target Muscle Selection and Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Injection

Pan

et al. 2022

Front. Neurol.

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Morphological characteristics of the posterior neck muscles and anatomical landmarks for botulinum toxin injections

Cited by 1 publication

References 33 publications

Retroform Cervical Dystonia: Target Muscle Selection and Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Injection

Retroform Cervical Dystonia: Target Muscle Selection and Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Injection

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