Morphological characteristics and variations of the human quadratus plantae muscle

Pretterklieber, Bettina

doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2017.10.006

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In addition to assisting in flexing the toes, the QP neutralizes the adduction moment created by the flexor digitorum longus and contributes to foot pronation. 38 It is plausible that neuromotor impairment of the QP contributes, in part, to the inverted foot and externally rotated shank commonly observed in this clinical group. 39 When factored with the other covariates, both LAS group and foot phenotype were significant predictors for QF activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Ultrasound Measures of Intrinsic Foot Muscle Size and Activation Following Lateral Ankle Sprain and Chronic Ankle Instability

Fraser¹,

Koldenhoven²,

Hertel³

2021

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

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Context: Tibial nerve impairment and reduced plantarflexion, hallux flexion, and lesser toe flexion strength have been observed in individuals with recent lateral ankle sprain (LAS) and chronic ankle instability (CAI). Diminished plantar intrinsic foot muscles (IFMs) size and contraction are a likely consequence. Objectives: To assess the effects of ankle injury on IFM size at rest and during contraction in young adults with and without LAS and CAI. Setting: Laboratory. Design: Cross-sectional. Patients: A total of 22 healthy (13 females; age = 19.6 [0.9], body mass index [BMI] = 22.5 [3.2]), 17 LAS (9 females; age =21.8 [4.1], BMI = 24.1 [3.7]), 21 Copers (13 females; age = 20.8 [2.9], BMI = 23.7 [2.9]), and 20 CAI (15 females; age = 20.9 [4.7], BMI = 25.1 [4.5]). Main Outcome Measures: Foot Posture Index (FPI), Foot Mobility Magnitude (FMM), and ultrasonographic cross-sectional area of the abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, quadratus plantae, and flexor hallucis brevis were assessed at rest, and during nonresisted and resisted contraction. Results: Multiple linear regression analyses assessing group, sex, BMI, FPI, and FMM on resting and contracted IFM size found sex (B = 0.45; P < .001), BMI (B = 0.05; P = .01), FPI (B = 0.07; P = .05), and FMM × FPI interaction (B = −0.04; P = .008) accounted for 19% of the variance (P = .002) in resting abductor hallucis measures. Sex (B = 0.42, P < .001) and BMI (B = 0.03, P = .02) explained 24% of resting flexor digitorum brevis measures (P < .001). Having a recent LAS (B = 0.06, P = .03) and FMM (B = 0.04, P = .02) predicted 11% of nonresisted quadratus plantae contraction measures (P = .04), with sex (P < .001) explaining 13% of resting quadratus plantae measures (B = 0.24, P = .02). Both sex (B = 0.35, P = .01) and FMM (B = 0.15, P = .03) predicted 16% of resting flexor hallucis brevis measures (P = .01). There were no other statistically significant findings. Conclusions: IFM resting ultrasound measures were primarily determined by sex, BMI, and foot phenotype and not injury status. Routine ultrasound imaging of the IFM following LAS and CAI cannot be recommended at this time but may be considered if neuromotor impairment is suspected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Ultrasound Measures of Intrinsic Foot Muscle Size and Activation Following Lateral Ankle Sprain and Chronic Ankle Instability

Fraser¹,

Koldenhoven²,

Hertel³

2021

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

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show abstract

“…In addition to assisting in flexing the toes, the QP neutralizes the adduction moment created by the flexor digitorum longus and contributes to foot pronation. 33 It is plausible that neuromotor impairment of the QP contributes, in part, to the inverted foot and externally rotated shank commonly observed in this clinical group. 34 When factored with the other covariates, both LAS group and foot phenotype were significant predictors for QF activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Ultrasound measures of intrinsic foot muscle size and motor activation following lateral ankle sprain and chronic ankle instability. A cross-sectional study

Fraser

Koldenhoven

Hertel

2020

Preprint

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Objectives: To assess the effects of ankle injury status on intrinsic foot muscle (IFM) size at rest and during contraction in young adults with and without a history of lateral ankle sprain (LAS) and chronic ankle instability (CAI). Methods: Foot Posture Index (FPI), Foot Mobility Magnitude (FMM), and ultrasonographic cross-sectional area of the abductor hallucis (AbdH), flexor digitorum brevis (FDB), quadratus plantae (QP), and flexor hallucis brevis (FHB) were assessed at rest, and during non-resisted and resisted contraction in 22 healthy (13 females, BMI: 22.5±3.2, FPI: 4.2±3.9, FMM: 2.5±1.8), 17 LAS (9 females, BMI: 24.1±3.7, FPI: 2.5±3.4, FMM: 2.7±1.7), 21 Copers (13 females, BMI: 23.7±2.9, FPI: 3.6±4.1, FMM: 1.8±1.3), and 20 CAI (15 females, BMI: 25.1±4.5, FPI: 4.4±3.6., FMM: 2.3±1.1). Results: A multiple linear regression analysis assessing group, sex, BMI, FPI, and FMM on resting and contracted IFM size found sex (p<.001), BMI (p=.01), FPI (p=.05), and FMM*FPI interaction (p=.008) accounted for 19% of the variance (p=.002) in resting AbdH measures. Sex (p<.001) and BMI (p=.02) explained 24% of resting FDB measures (p<.001). Having a recent LAS (p=.03) and FMM (p=.02) predicted 11% of non-resisted QP contraction measures (p=.04), with sex (p<.001) explaining 13% of resting QP measures (p=.02). Both sex (p=.01) and FMM (p=.03) predicted 16% of resting FDB measures (p=.01). There were no other statistically significant findings. Conclusions: IFM resting ultrasound measures were primarily determined by sex, BMI, and foot phenotype and not injury status. The clinical utility of these IFM ultrasonographic assessments in young adults with LAS and CAI may be limited.

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“…Total PCSA is consistent with results from ultrasound measurements in healthy young adults (57). We double the PCSA, to account for the contributions of other unmodeled plantar intrinsic muscles that cross both midtarsal joint and MTP joint: (1) abductor digiti minimi originates on the calcaneus and inserts on the fifth proximal phalanx (26), (2) quadratus plantae originates on the calcaneus or the long plantar ligament and inserts on the flexor digitorum longus tendon (58), (3) flexor hallucis brevis originates on the tendon of the tibialis posterior and inserts on the first proximal phalanx (59). In our model, we do not consider the specific anatomy of these three muscles.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dynamic foot model for predictive simulations of gait reveals causal relations between foot structure and whole body mechanics

D'Hondt

Groote

Afschrift

2023

Preprint

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The unique structure of the human foot is seen as a crucial adaptation for bipedalism. Its arched shape makes it possible to stiffen the foot to withstand high loads when pushing off, without compromising the range of motion. Experimental studies demonstrated that manipulating foot stiffness had considerable effects on gait. In clinical practise, altered foot structure is associated with pathological gait. Yet our understanding of how foot structure influences gait mechanics is still poor. Here we used predictive simulations to explore causal relations between foot properties and whole-body gait. Our dynamic three-segment foot model with longitudinal arch improved gait predictions compared to one- and two-segment foot models and can explain measured ankle-foot kinematics and energetics. We identified three properties of the ankle-foot complex that are crucial for healthy walking: (1) compliant Achilles tendon, (2) stiff heel pad, (3) the ability to stiffen the foot. The latter requires sufficient arch height and contributions of plantar fascia, intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles. Insufficient foot stiffness results in walking patterns with reduced push-off power. During terminal stance plantar fascia and intrinsic foot muscles transfer energy from the metatarsophalangeal to midtarsal joint, which further increases push-off power.

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Morphological characteristics and variations of the human quadratus plantae muscle

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Ultrasound Measures of Intrinsic Foot Muscle Size and Activation Following Lateral Ankle Sprain and Chronic Ankle Instability

Ultrasound Measures of Intrinsic Foot Muscle Size and Activation Following Lateral Ankle Sprain and Chronic Ankle Instability

Ultrasound measures of intrinsic foot muscle size and motor activation following lateral ankle sprain and chronic ankle instability. A cross-sectional study

A dynamic foot model for predictive simulations of gait reveals causal relations between foot structure and whole body mechanics

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