Morphological Characteristics and Correction of Long Tubular Bone Regeneration under Chronic Hyperglycemia Influence

Abstract

Introduction. Unsatisfactory consequences of bone regeneration disorders in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, their high prevalence, complication number, and difficulties in treatment require further study and deeper understanding of reparative osteogenesis mechanisms under chronic hyperglycemia and finding new effective and affordable approaches to their treatment. Therefore, the aim of our work was to study the histological, ultramicroscopic, and histomorphometric features of reparative osteogenesis in rats with chronic hyperglycemia (CH), as well as to investigate the possibility of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) use in a fracture area in order to correct the negative effects of CH on reparative osteogenesis processes. Study Object and Methods. The studies were performed on 70 white laboratory rats, mature males, which were divided into the following groups: control group, animals with posttraumatic tibial defect under conditions of CH exposure, rats with experimental CH that were administered with PRP into the bone defect, and animals for the assessment of glucose homeostasis and confirmation of simulated CH. Light microscopy was performed using an Olympus BH-2 microscope (Japan). Ultramicroscopic examination was performed using REM-102 scanning electron microscope. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS-17 software package. Results. The formation of new bone tissue in animals with CH did not occur after two weeks. Only on the 30th day of reparative osteogenesis the newly formed woven bone tissue was 61.54% of the total regenerated area. It was less than the reference value by 22.89% (P<0.001). On the 14th day of reparative osteogenesis, the regenerated area in a group of animals with CH and PRP injection consisted of connective tissue by 68.94% (4.94% less than in animals with CH (P<0.001)) and woven bone tissue by 31.06%, (13.51% less than in the control group (P<0.001)). On the 30th day, the area of woven bone tissue in a regenerate of this group was less than that of the control group by 12.41% (P<0.001). Conclusion. Thus, chronic hyperglycemia contributes to inflammation delay within the bone defect site, which makes the process of reparative osteogenesis more prolonged. The results of chronic hyperglycemia effect on bone regeneration are also impairment of osteogenic cell proliferation and shift of their differentiation towards the fibrocartilage regenerate formation. The PRP corrects the negative impact of chronic hyperglycemia on reparative osteogenesis, promoting more rapid inflammatory infiltrate removal from the bone defect site and osteogenic beam formation and remodeling of woven bone into lamellar membranous bone tissue.

Structure of the Knee Articular Cartilage After the Femur and Tibia Extra-Articular Injury

“…To simulate the mechanical bone trauma, we used the technique described in our previous study [12]. Surgery was performed under the ketamine (8 mg/kg) and xylazine (3 mg/kg) anesthesia.…”

Features of Skin Wounds Healing Under Chronic Hyperglycemia and Improvement of Their Treatment Methods

“…The chronic hyperglycemia in animals of groups II and III was modeled as previously described in [14,15]. On the 60th day after CH simulation, rats that have had a blood glucose level above 12 mmol/l for 3 consecutive days were selected for the study.…”

“…Skin injury were modeled in animals of all groups. Prior to the surgery under aseptic conditions, animals were administered with intramuscularly xylazine (3 mg/kg) and after 5 minutes -ketamine (8 mg/kg) [14,15]. Preoperative preparation of the surgical field was performed by shaving the skin in the interscapular area of the back and treating with 3% alcohol iodine solution.…”

“…In animals of groups I and II the wound was left to heal under the blood clot. Platelet-rich plasma was injected into the wound edges of rats of group III [16] which were prepared as previously described in [14,15]. The study of morphological and planimetric features of skin regeneration was performed on the 7th and 21st day after injury.…”

Uso de los factores de crecimiento presentes en el plasma rico en plaquetas como un tratamiento alternativo de lesiones músculo esqueléticas en animales

“…En este estudio el PRP corrige el impacto negativo de la hiperglucemia crónica en la osteogénesis reparadora, promoviendo una eliminación más rápida del infiltrado inflamatorio del sitio del defecto óseo y la formación de haces osteogénicos y la remodelación del hueso en tejido óseo membranoso lamelar. (Dudchenko et al, 2020).…”