Morphological changes in vascular and circulating blood cells following exposure to detergent sclerosants

Abstract

Detergent sclerosants are biologically active at sublytic concentrations. The observed morphological changes are consistent with cell activation, apoptosis, and oncosis. The cellular response is concentration dependent, cell-specific, and sclerosant specific.

Detergent Sclerosants Stimulate Leukocyte Apoptosis and Oncosis

“…1 In a recent study, morphological evidence of sclerosant-induced nonlytic forms of cell death in vascular and circulating blood cells exposed to detergent sclerosants was observed. 2 The cytoplasmic and nuclear changes were consistent with typical morphological changes observed in cells undergoing apoptosis and oncosis. Prior to the present study there has been no attempt to investigate a possible apoptotic effect of sclerosant on cells exposed to these agents during sclerotherapy.…”

Detergent sclerosants at sub-lytic concentrations induce endothelial cell apoptosis through a caspase dependent pathway

“…In a recent study, we observed morphological evidence of apoptosis and oncosis on endothelial cells after exposure to sublytic concentrations of detergent sclerosants [6]. Further studies demonstrated that both sclerosants were capable of inducing apoptosis and oncosis on leukocytes [7].…”

“…Porimin mediates oncosis-like cell death and is characterised by cell swelling, organelle swelling, vacuolisation and increased membrane permeability [25]. We previously demonstrated that detergent sclerosants induce morphological changes consistent with oncosis on different cells including HUVECs [6]. The mechanism of cellular death through the oncotic pathway implies an increase in membrane permeability caused by the failure of the ionic pumps of the plasma membrane and is associated with an increase in cytosolic calcium and a rearrangement of cytoskeletal proteins.…”

Polidocanol versus absolute alcohol as sclerosing substances in experimental animal model

“…Los esclerosantes osmóticos como la solución salina al 30% o la solución dextro/ sal hipertónica, que producen lisis de las células epiteliales por deshidratación (10)(11)(12). Los esclerosantes químicos irritantes como alcohol absoluto (etanol al 98%), el glicerol cromado y la iodina poliodinatada, que producen destrucción celular y necrosis por citotoxicidad; y los esclerosantes detergentes como el polidocanol (tetradecilsulfato de sodio al 3%), etanolamina y el clorhidrato de lapidium que interactúan con los lípidos de la membrana de las células epiteliales, produciendo la lisis celular por disminución de la tensión superficial resultando en esclerosis, retracción tisular y obliteración de los quistes y vasos sanguíneos (10)(11)(12).…”

“…La esclerosis se caracteriza por la destrucción celular epitelial con apoptosis, inflamación estéril, fibrosis irreversible y disminución de la masa tisular por retracción con subsecuente obliteración de la luz de los quistes y/o vasos sanguíneos y la formación de trombo intravascular, denominado esclerotrombo, que sella la circulación (10)(11)(12).…”