Morphological, biochemical, molecular and ultrastructural changes induced by Cd toxicity in seedlings of Theobroma cacao L.

Castro, Andressa Vieira de; Almeida, Alex-Alan Furtado de; Pirovani, Carlos Priminho; Reis, Graciele Santos Monteiro; Almeida, Nicolle Moreira de; Mangabeira, Pedro Antônio Oliveira

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.02.003

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Besides, they certified that GPX activity increased in the root. Similar results were found in cacao genotypes in the presence of Cd (Castro et al, 2015). The activity of the antioxidative enzymes, presented in our study in the presence of Cd was similar to the activity evaluated in G. hirsutum (Khan et al, 2013;Ibrahim et al, 2015) and Populus sp.…”

Section: CD Chloroplastidic Pigments and Antioxidativesupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The relative expression of the Cu/Zn sod cyt gene in the roots and leaves of cacao coincided with the response of the activity of this enzyme in these organs. The repression of this gene in the roots is in agreement with the results found in cacao seedlings, which had their seeds exposed to Cd before germination, by Castro et al (2015) and by Souza et al (2014) when evaluating Cu toxicity on cacao leaves.…”

Section: And Gene Expressionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Increase of plastoglobules is considered a symptom of foliar senescence, since these globules are lipid droplets of degraded thylakoid membranes (Esposito et al, 2012). The breakdown of thylakoid membranes was also observed in cacao plants from seeds treated with Cd (Castro, 2015). Damaged chloroplasts and increased plastoglobules were also evidenced in Populus (Jiao et al, 2015) and G. hirsutum (Ibrahim et al, 2015) subjected to stress by Cd.…”

Section: And Ultrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Photosynthetic, antioxidative, molecular and ultrastructural responses of young cacao plants to Cd toxicity in the soil

Araújo

Almeida

Pereira

et al. 2017

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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105

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Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic metal for plants, even at low concentrations in the soil. The annual production of world cocoa beans is approximately 4 million tons. Most of these fermented and dried beans are used in the manufacture of chocolate. Recent work has shown that the concentration of Cd in these beans has exceeded the critical level (0.6mgkg DM). The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of Cd in young plants of CCN 51 cacao genotype grown in soil with different concentrations of Cd (0, 0.05 and 0.1gkg soil) through photosynthetic, antioxidative, molecular and ultrastructural changes. The increase of Cd concentration in the soil altered mineral nutrient absorption by competition or synergism, changed photosynthetic activity caused by reduction in chloroplastidic pigment content and damage to the photosynthetic machinery evidenced by the Fv/Fm ratio and expression of the psbA gene and increased GPX activity in the root and SOD in leaves. Additionally, ultrastructural alterations in roots and leaves were also evidenced with the increase of the concentration of Cd in the soil, whose toxicity caused rupture of biomembranes in root and leaf cells, reduction of the number of starch grains in foliar cells, increase of plastoglobules in chloroplasts and presence of multivesiculated bodies in root cells. It was concluded, therefore, that soil Cd toxicity caused damage to the photosynthetic machinery, antioxidative metabolism, gene expression and irreversible damage to root cells ultrastructure of CCN 51 cocoa plants, whose damage intensity depended on the exposure time to the metal.

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Section: CD Chloroplastidic Pigments and Antioxidativesupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: And Gene Expressionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: And Ultrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Photosynthetic, antioxidative, molecular and ultrastructural responses of young cacao plants to Cd toxicity in the soil

Araújo

Almeida

Pereira

et al. 2017

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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105

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“…PC, which has a higher affinity for Cd, is formed by the polymerization of 2-11 γ-EC moieties via PC synthase. Several studies confirm that in plants, both GSH and PC synthesis are increased after exposure to Cd and other metals [12,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. In Figure 3, we show both general functions of the PC and a model of complex between Cd +2 ion and one molecule of PC.…”

Section: Phytochelatins In Metal/metalloid-exposed Plantssupporting

confidence: 71%

Role of Phytochelatins in Redox Caused Stress in Plants and Animals

Rodrigo¹,

Anjum²,

Heger³

et al. 2016

Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants - Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

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Varied environmental compartments such as soil and water potentially contaminated with different metals/metalloids can impact the health of both plants and animals/ humans. Trace amounts of Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni and Zn are beneficial for higher plants, whereas, Cr, Cu, Co, Mn, Mo, Se, V and Zn are known as the micronutrient metal/metalloids for animals/humans. However, elevated levels of the metals/metalloids can cause severe toxic consequences in both plants and animals/humans. Common in plants and animals/humans, phytochelatins PCs , the principal non-protein, S-rich, thiolate peptides, protect through different mechanisms cellular functions and metal/metalloid homeostasis by performing their chelation and/or detoxification. With the major aim of broadening the current knowledge on the subject, this chapter a overviews PCs role and modulation separately in metal/metalloid-exposed plants and animals/humans b discusses major methods for determination of PCs and bioassays for enzymes involved in PC synthesis c evaluates the connection of PCs with bionanoparticles and finally d highlights so far unexplored aspects in the present context.

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“…Активність фотосинтетичного апарату листя рослин у несприятливих умовах середовища розглядається як одна з інтегральних характеристик їх адаптації, рівень якої часто визначається за рівнем асиміляції CO 2 , змиканням продихів, вмістом пігментів у листках (Nail et al, 2008;Xu and Zhou, 2008;Favaretto et al, 2011;Dai et al, 2012;Castro et al, 2015). Зниження вмісту хлорофілу використовують як індикаторну реакцію пошкодження, що відбувається за дії забруднювальних речовин (Dzhygan, 2017).…”

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Reaction of photosynthetic apparatus of a representative of extrazonal steppe plants Quercus robur to air pollution by motor vehicle emissions

et al. 2017

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We examined the vital condition of the common oak (Quercus robur L.) in plantations of different categories in Dnipro-city. In the investigated plantations, differences in the individual resistance of plants were recorded. The patterns of changes in the pigmented complex of leaves exposed to atmospheric pollution from motor vehicle emissions were studied in connection with the life state of oak trees. The content of chlorophyll a had, in all variants of the experiment, significantly higher values than chlorophyll b. Chlorophyll a accounted for 52.4–75.0% of the total content of chlorophylls, and chlorophyll b (25.0–47.6%). Regardless of the level of air pollution, relatively healthy oak plants were characterized by a high content of pigments activity in the photosynthetic apparatus of the leaves. A chronic moderate influence of motor vehicle emissions had a positive effect on the content of green pigments and carotenoids. Increase in the intensity of transport emissions resulted in a significant reduction in the accumulation of chlorophylls and to an increase in carotenoids. The stability of the chlorophyll a / chlorophyll b ratio under the influence of motor vehicle emissions was been registered. Only severely damaged common oak trees showed a decrease of this parameter by 29.3% compared with healthy and moderately weakened specimens of oak. The values of the coefficients of variation in the content of chlorophylls, their amounts and ratios, as well as carotenoids were low and represent less than 19.0%, while the amplitude of the variability of the studied parameters of the pigment complex, depending on the life state of plants and the intensity of transport emissions, was quite significant: the highest fluctuations in the сontent indexes were recorded for chlorophyll a, the sum of chlorophylls a + b in trees from the park area and the area with a medium level of pollution, chlorophyll b only in oaks from the street with an average level of air pollution by transport emissions. The smallest variability was a characteristic of the ratio of chlorophylls a / b and the content of carotenoids. Low values of the ratio of the sum of chlorophylls a + b to carotenoids (4.3–5.2) indicate the stress state of oak plants in urban environments.

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Morphological, biochemical, molecular and ultrastructural changes induced by Cd toxicity in seedlings of Theobroma cacao L.

Cited by 28 publications

References 76 publications

Photosynthetic, antioxidative, molecular and ultrastructural responses of young cacao plants to Cd toxicity in the soil

Photosynthetic, antioxidative, molecular and ultrastructural responses of young cacao plants to Cd toxicity in the soil

Role of Phytochelatins in Redox Caused Stress in Plants and Animals

Reaction of photosynthetic apparatus of a representative of extrazonal steppe plants Quercus robur to air pollution by motor vehicle emissions

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