Morphological asymmetry, sex and dominant somatotype among Polish youth

Krzykała, Magdalena; Karpowicz, Małgorzata; Strzelczyk, Ryszard; Pluta, Beata; Podciechowska, Karolina; Karpowicz, Krzysztof

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0238706

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Males generally have more muscle mass and less body fat than females with HNC, even after accounting for differences in body size and weight. These findings are consistent with previous studies that have reported sex differences in body composition and metabolism [26][27][28]. Sex-specific reference values can aid in identifying individuals who are at a higher risk for health issues related to muscle mass and fat deposits, such as malnutrition and sarcopenia in patients with cancer.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Ultrasound Muscle Evaluation for Predicting the Prognosis of Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Large-Scale and Multicenter Prospective Study

Fernández-Jiménez,

García-Rey,

Roque-Cuéllar

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a prevalent and aggressive form of cancer with high mortality rates and significant implications for nutritional status. Accurate assessment of malnutrition in patients with HNC is crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes and improving survival rates. This study aimed to evaluate the use of ultrasound techniques for predicting nutritional status, malnutrition, and cancer outcomes in patients with HNC. A total of 494 patients with HNC were included in this cross-sectional observational study. Various tools and body composition measurements, including muscle mass and adipose tissue ultrasound evaluations, were implemented. Using regression models, we mainly found that high levels of RF-CSA (rectus femoris cross-sectional area) were associated with a decreased risk of malnutrition (as defined with GLIM criteria (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68–0.98); as defined with PG-SGA (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.62–0.98)) and sarcopenia (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.49–0.82) after being adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. To predict the importance of muscle mass ultrasound variables on the risk of mortality, a nomogram, a random forest, and decision tree models were conducted. RF-CSA was the most important variable under the random forest model. The obtained C-index for the nomogram was 0.704, and the Brier score was 16.8. With an RF-CSA < 2.7 (AUC of 0.653 (0.59–0.77)) as a split, the decision tree model classified up to 68% of patients as possessing a high probability of survival. According to the cut-off value of 2.7 cm2, patients with a low RF-CSA value lower than 2.7 cm2 had worse survival rates (p < 0.001). The findings of this study highlight the importance of implementing ultrasound tools, for accurate diagnoses and monitoring of malnutrition in patients with HNC. Adipose tissue ultrasound measurements were only weakly associated with malnutrition and not with sarcopenia, indicating that muscle mass is a more important indicator of overall health and nutritional status. These results have the potential to improve survival rates and quality of life by enabling early intervention and personalized nutritional management.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Ultrasound Muscle Evaluation for Predicting the Prognosis of Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Large-Scale and Multicenter Prospective Study

Fernández-Jiménez,

García-Rey,

Roque-Cuéllar

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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“…Luna-Villouta et al [ 35 ] also observed differences in BF and SMM percentages between a group of 58 male tennis players aged 15.4 ± 0.8 years and a group of 29 female tennis players aged 15.3 ± 0.8 years. These sex differences in body composition and somatotype were expected and have also been found between boys and girls of similar ages in other sports or in non-athlete populations [ 42 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Body Composition, Somatotype and Raw Bioelectrical Impedance Parameters of Adolescent Elite Tennis Players: Age and Sex Differences

Berral-Aguilar

Schröder-Vilar

Ortega

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Studies analyzing tennis players’ body composition and morphological and bioelectrical characteristics are scarce, especially among adolescents. This study aimed to explore sex- and age-based differences in body composition, somatotype, and bioelectrical properties among elite young male and female tennis players aged 13–16 years. Twenty-two male (14.45 ± 1.10 years) and 20 female (14.30 ± 1.03 years) elite tennis players participated in this study and were compared according to sex (males vs. females) and, within each sex, according to age (13–14 years vs. 15–16 years). Female adolescent elite tennis players had higher body fat (BF) percentage and higher endomorphy than males. They also had lower skeletal muscle mass and total body water (TBW) percentages. Older boys had lower resistance and a higher TBW and phase angle (PhA) than younger boys, likely due to maturation and performance. No significant differences were found between younger and older girls, except for the PhA, potentially associated with better cell function and performance. This study provides valuable reference data for coaches of elite youth tennis players. Due to the few differences found in body composition and somatotype in the different age groups, the PhA may be used by practitioners as a reference for cell function and performance.

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“…The endomorph somatotype is dominant in the average woman, especially if she is not involved in sports while in men the mesomorph dominates. Many studies confirm that women are predominantly endomorphic with a secondary mesomorphic component [48][49][50]. 4).…”

Section: Weights and Biasesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Application of Artificial Neural Network to Somatotype Determination

2021

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Somatotype characteristics are important for the selection of sporting activities, as well as and the prevalence of several chronic diseases. Nowadays the most common method of somatotyping is the Heath–Carter method, which calculates the somatotype base on 10 anthropometric parameters. Another possibility for evaluation of somatotype gives commonly used bioelectrical impedance analysis), but the accuracy of the proposed formulas is questioned. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the possibility of applying an artificial neural network to achieve the formulas, which allow us to determine the endomorphy and mesomorphy using data on body height and weight and raw bioelectrical impedance analysis data in young women. The endomorphy (Endo), ectomorphy (Ecto), and mesomorphy (Meso) ratings were determined using artificial neural networks and the Heath–Carter method. To identify critical parameters and their degree of impact on the artificial neural network outputs, a sensitivity analysis was performed. The multi-layer perceptron MLP 4-4-1 (input: body mass index (BMI), reactance, resistance, and resting metabolic rate) for the Endo somatotype was proposed (root mean squared error (RMSE) = 0.66, χ2 = 0.66). The MLP 4-4-1 (input: BMI, fat-free mass, resistance, and total body water) for the Meso somatotype was proposed (RMSE = 0.76, χ2 = 0.87). All somatotypes (Endo, Meso and Ecto) can be calculated using MLP 2-4-3 (input: BMI and resistance) with accuracy RMSE = 0.67 and χ2 = 0.51. The bioelectrical impedance analysis and Heath–Carter method compliance was evaluated with the statistical algorithm proposed by Bland and Altman. The artificial neural network-based formulas allow us to determine the endomorphy and mesomorphy in young women’s ratings with high accuracy and agreement with the Heath–Carter method. The results of our study indicate the successful application of artificial neural network-based model in predicting the somatotype of young women. The artificial neural network model can be practically used in bioelectrical impedance analysis devices in the future.

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Morphological asymmetry, sex and dominant somatotype among Polish youth

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Ultrasound Muscle Evaluation for Predicting the Prognosis of Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Large-Scale and Multicenter Prospective Study

Ultrasound Muscle Evaluation for Predicting the Prognosis of Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Large-Scale and Multicenter Prospective Study

Body Composition, Somatotype and Raw Bioelectrical Impedance Parameters of Adolescent Elite Tennis Players: Age and Sex Differences

Application of Artificial Neural Network to Somatotype Determination

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