Morphological and Ultrastructural Changes of Organelles in Leaf Mesophyll Cells of the Arctic and Antarctic Plants of Poaceae Family Under Cold Influence

Giełwanowska, Irena; Pastorczyk, Marta; Kellmann−Sopyła, Wioleta; Górniak, Dorota; Górecki, Ryszard J.

doi:10.1657/aaar0014-019

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In general, OTC plants showed smaller chloroplasts and these were further away from the cell wall (Δ L cyt ). In this species, as in several polar and alpine plants (Lütz et al ., ), chloroplast size has been indicated as a flexible character that responds to environmental factors such as temperature (Jellings et al ., ; Giełwanowska et al ., ). However, these changes do not seem to trigger a direct effect on g m .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

In situ warming in the Antarctic: effects on growth and photosynthesis in Antarctic vascular plants

et al. 2018

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The Antarctic Peninsula has experienced a rapid warming in the last decades. Although recent climatic evidence supports a new tendency towards stabilization of temperatures, the impacts on the biosphere, and specifically on Antarctic plant species, remain unclear. We evaluated the in situ warming effects on photosynthesis, including the underlying diffusive, biochemical and anatomical determinants, and the relative growth of two Antarctic vascular species, Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica, using open top chambers (OTCs) and gas exchange measurements in the field. In C. quitensis, the photosynthetic response to warming relied on specific adjustments in the anatomical determinants of the leaf CO transfer, which enhanced mesophyll conductance and photosynthetic assimilation, thereby promoting higher leaf carbon gain and plant growth. These changes were accompanied by alterations in the leaf chemical composition. By contrast, D. antarctica showed no response to warming, with a lack of significant differences between plants grown inside OTCs and plants grown in the open field. Overall, the present results are the first reporting a contrasting effect of in situ warming on photosynthesis and its underlying determinants, of the two unique Antarctic vascular plant species, which could have direct consequences on their ecological success under future climate conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

In situ warming in the Antarctic: effects on growth and photosynthesis in Antarctic vascular plants

et al. 2018

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“…Although the chloroplast ultrastructure has been characterized in several high‐elevation and polar plants, few studies on warm and continental desert plants have been reported to date. Among plastidic ultrastructures, the presence of ‘chloroplast protrusions’ (broad thylakoid‐free stromal prolongations of chloroplasts, occurring mostly on the latitudinal ends of chloroplasts; Figure ; Holzinger et al , ) have been reported in a broad range of taxa, including polar and alpine species (Giełwanowska et al , , , ; Holzinger et al , ; Lütz et al , ). Cold stress has been widely related to the induction of chloroplast protrusions (Lütz, ; Lütz et al , ), although other stressors such as salinity and nutrient deficiency can also trigger the appearance of protrusions in model plants (Vismans et al , ).…”

Section: Photobiochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

How do vascular plants perform photosynthesis in extreme environments? An integrative ecophysiological and biochemical story

et al. 2020

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Summary In this work, we review the physiological and molecular mechanisms that allow vascular plants to perform photosynthesis in extreme environments, such as deserts, polar and alpine ecosystems. Specifically, we discuss the morpho/anatomical, photochemical and metabolic adaptive processes that enable a positive carbon balance in photosynthetic tissues under extreme temperatures and/or severe water‐limiting conditions in C3 species. Nevertheless, only a few studies have described the in situ functioning of photoprotection in plants from extreme environments, given the intrinsic difficulties of fieldwork in remote places. However, they cover a substantial geographical and functional range, which allowed us to describe some general trends. In general, photoprotection relies on the same mechanisms as those operating in the remaining plant species, ranging from enhanced morphological photoprotection to increased scavenging of oxidative products such as reactive oxygen species. Much less information is available about the main physiological and biochemical drivers of photosynthesis: stomatal conductance (gs), mesophyll conductance (gm) and carbon fixation, mostly driven by RuBisCO carboxylation. Extreme environments shape adaptations in structures, such as cell wall and membrane composition, the concentration and activation state of Calvin–Benson cycle enzymes, and RuBisCO evolution, optimizing kinetic traits to ensure functionality. Altogether, these species display a combination of rearrangements, from the whole‐plant level to the molecular scale, to sustain a positive carbon balance in some of the most hostile environments on Earth.

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“…Their manuscript submission was received by the editorial staff on January 5, 2015 and published online on March 10, 2015 (Hughes et al 2015) we were working on the initial steps of eradication just as snow cover retreated in February and March 2015 (see report: Eradication of a nonnative grass P. annua L. from ASPA No 128 Western Shore of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands 2015). All of our earlier research regarding the biology and genetics of P. annua at Arctowski (Olech and Chwedorzewska 2011;Lityńska-Zając et al 2012;Wódkie-wicz et al 2013Wódkie-wicz et al , 2014Molina-Montenegro et al 2014;Pastorczyk et al 2014;Chwedorzewska et al 2015;Galera et al 2015;Giełwanowska et al 2015; was aimed at informed eradication/control of the species. Our actions preceded by the stated initial research enabled an analysis of the invasion process in the Antarctic and provided detailed documentation of eradication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The project was preceded by detailed necessary research investigating the biology of the species in accordance to guidelines regarding the eradication/control of alien species by Simberloff (2003a, b). The distribution, morphology, ecology, genetics, physiology, expansion history and potential sources of introduction of the species was determined through multi-author interdisciplinary studies (e.g., see Olech and Chwedorzewska 2011;Lityńska-Zając et al 2012;MolinaMontenegro et al 2014;Pastorczyk et al 2014;Chwedorzewska et al 2015;Giełwanowska and Kellmann-Sopyła 2015;Giełwanowska et al 2015;. The research showed that the species is expanding in the anthropogenic sites as well as starts to invade native communities (Olech and Chwedorzewska 2011), has a distinctive morphological architecture in response to local harsh conditions and produces a viable soil seed bank (Wódkiewicz et al 2013(Wódkiewicz et al , 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First step to eradication of Poa annua L. from Point Thomas Oasis (King George Island, South Shetlands, Antarctica)

et al. 2016

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Poa annua, an alien species reported from the Antarctic continent and many Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands, was accidentally introduced in the vicinity of the Polish Antarctic Station H. Arctowski. Recently the species has been found entering native plant communities. In almost 30 years it dispersed over 250 m from the site it was first observed and can therefore be considered invasive. We report the first steps to eradicate the species following the initial research to quantify the biology, ecology and genetics of the species. After detailed mapping of all 1439 tussocks located in the Arctowski Station area we removed 314 tussocks closest to a moss carpet formation (native plant community of high conservation value). All of the 49 tussocks growing in the Ecology Glacier forefield were removed. It is the biggest alien plant eradication act conducted so far in Antarctica. We plan to continue the eradication process and monitor the eradicated sites. This will provide valuable information on impacts and issues related to removal of alien species in the maritime Antarctic and will help in informing future decisions on management of other plant invasions in the region. Given the increasing human traffic to the Antarctic and the associated risks of invasion our results will be important not only for Arctowski but also for the whole Antarctic region.

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Morphological and Ultrastructural Changes of Organelles in Leaf Mesophyll Cells of the Arctic and Antarctic Plants of Poaceae Family Under Cold Influence

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

In situ warming in the Antarctic: effects on growth and photosynthesis in Antarctic vascular plants

In situ warming in the Antarctic: effects on growth and photosynthesis in Antarctic vascular plants

How do vascular plants perform photosynthesis in extreme environments? An integrative ecophysiological and biochemical story

First step to eradication of Poa annua L. from Point Thomas Oasis (King George Island, South Shetlands, Antarctica)

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