Morphological and scanning electron microscopic study of the lingual papillae in the Javan Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus javanicus)

Abstract

There are vast numbers of bats, in terms of both individuals and species, in Indonesia, although the precise species count is currently unknown. These bats demonstrate great variation in feeding patterns, with some being insectivorous, frugivorous, nectareating or carnivorous. One of the insectivorous bats found on Java Island, Indonesia, is the Javan pipistrelle (Pipistrellus javanicus). This paper presents a detailed morphological description of the tongue and lingual papillae of P. javanicus, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM). Macroscopically, the elongated tongue of P. javanicus can be divided into three sections: the apex, corpus and radix. On the dorsal part of the tongue (corpus), there is a prominence called the mediodorsal lobe, the lobe begin from the end of apex. On the radix, in the medial part, we describe the presence of a sulcus medianus. The SEM and LM observations show that the apex of the tongue bears three types of papillae: crown filiform, pronged filiform and fungiform. The corpus bears conical and fungiform papillae, whereas the radix bears vallate, large filiform, small filiform and fungiform papillae. Taken together, these results contribute to research on the tongue anatomy and feeding habits of the bat.

Morphology of lingual papillae in the Javan mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy

“…whether they are carnivores, omnivores or herbivores) as well as their environments and habitats, which may play a partial role in the evolution of the tongue's structure (Iwasaki et al, 2019). Such an adaptation based on diet, environment or habitat has been described in various studies, especially on mammals, such as goats (Mahdy et al, 2020), lemurs (Pastor et al, 2011), pumas (Erdoğan et al, 2017), sugar gliders (Damia et al, 2021) and several other carnivores, including polar bears, marsupials and bats (Emura et al, 2017; Goździewska‐Harłajczuk et al, 2020; Gunawan et al, 2019; Saragih et al, 2020). Tongue morphology revealed a relationship between changes in habitat and changes in the appearance of the tongue; the transition from a freshwater (moist or wet) environment to a terrestrial (dry) environment resulted in the keratinization of the lingual epithelium (Iwasaki, 2002).…”

Morphological identification of the squirrel (Callosciurus notatus) tongue through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and histochemistry

“…Filiform papillae on Callosciurus notatus are grouped into 5 subtypes based on the difference of shape and characteristic (leaf-like filiform, bifid filiform, wide leaf-like filiform, saw-like filiform, and conical like filiform papillae). According to Saragih et al (2020), filiform papillae are divided into type 1 and type 2. Papillae type 1 usually can be discovered at the anterior part of the tongue and is characterized by a hair-like structure (long and slim) along with a brush-like texture.…”

“…Histologically, the conicae papillae of Callosciurus notatus are coated with thick keratin. Conicae papillae are a modification form of filiform papillae, which protect the mucous membrane of the mouth when chewing and prevent retraction when the food is being swallowed (Saragih et al 2020). Therefore, the keratinized filiform papillae and conicae papillae can relate to the function of papillae in terms of holding food, in addition this may be linked to the type of diet.…”

“…The difference in the amount of taste bud on fungiform papillae depends on the type of food that is consumed. Omnivorous animals have more fungiform papillae than herbivores (Wolczuk 2014;Saragih et al 2020). Vallatae papillae were found on the radix through observation from SEM and histology.…”

Morphological characterization of Horsfield’s treeshrew Tupaia javanica lingual papillae: Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy studies

“…Before staining, the sections were deparaffinized in xylene and rehydrated in graded ethanol. Some sample slides were stained with haematoxylin–eosin (HE) Saragih et al., 2020), and the others were stained with periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) (Bio‐Optica, Milano). Finally, the sections were mounted with deck glass.…”