Morphological and Physiological Responses to Sediment Type and Light Availability in Roots of the Submerged Plant Myriophyllum spicatum

Xie, Yonghong; Luo, Wenbo; Ren, Bo; Feng, Li

doi:10.1093/aob/mcm236

Cited by 62 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Sediment is a primary nutrients source for submersed macrophytes, and do have significant effects on plant growth, root morphology, and nutrient uptake (e.g. V. natans by Xie et al, 2005; M. spicatum by Xie et al, 2007). However, the high-NH 4 ?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…concentration in water column have been reported adverse to submersed macrophytes in eutrophic lakes, including inhibition of growth, reduced root/shoot (R/S) ratio, and physiological stress of the plants (Smolders et al, 2000;Xie et al, 2007). A few studies have focused on effects of nutrient enrichment on biomechanical properties of submersed macrophytes (Zhu et al, 2012a), although growth and distribution of submersed macrophytes are affected by hydraulic forces (Sultan et al, 1998;Gantes & Caro, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fertile sediment and ammonium enrichment decrease the growth and biomechanical strength of submersed macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum in an experiment

et al. 2014

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Decline of submersed macrophytes has occurred in eutrophic lakes worldwide. Little is known about effects of nutrient enrichment on biomechanical properties of submersed macrophytes. In a 30-day experiment, Myriophyllum spicatum was cultured in aquaria containing two types of sediment (mesotrophic clay vs. fertile loam) with contrasting water NH 4 ? concentrations (0 vs. 3.0 mg L -1 NH 4 -N). The plant growth, shoot and root morphology, stem biomechanical properties, and stem total nonstructure carbohydrates content (TNC) were examined. The NH 4 ? -enriched water, particularly combined with the fertile sediment, caused adverse effects on M. spicatum as indicated by reductions in the growth, stem biomechanical properties (tensile force, bending force and structural stiffness), and TNC content. These results indicate that increased sediment fertility and water NH 4 ? -enrichment made the plant more fragile and vulnerable to hydraulic damage, particularly for the upper stem, implying that M. spicatum was prone to uprooting and fracture by hydraulic force, and the broken fragment from parent shoot of M. spicatum might have low-survival potential due to its low-TNC content. This may be a mechanical aspect for the decline of submersed macrophytes and makes it more difficult to restore submersed vegetation in the eutrophic lakes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertile sediment and ammonium enrichment decrease the growth and biomechanical strength of submersed macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum in an experiment

et al. 2014

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“…If sediment nutrients were highly available, a greater production of shoot biomass (to capture more light resources) was expected ('competitive strategy, ' Kautsky 1988, Murphy et al 1990, Grime 2001. In contrast, under low-nutrient conditions, shoot development was constrained because a greater proportion of the biomass was allocated to the root system to increase nu trient acquisition (Xie et al 2007, Wang et al 2009). A higher amplitude of water-level fluctuation (±100 cm) significantly increased the root and main stem biomass proportions.…”

Section: Auto-fragment Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of sediment nutrients on the growth of submerged macrophytes has received increasing attention during the past decade (Smith et al 2002, Hangelbroek et al 2003, Xiao et al 2006, Wang & Yu 2007. Variations in the response of plants to sediment nutrient levels have been reported for plant size (Xie & Yu 2011a), biomass and resource allocation , plastic adjustments (Mony et al 2007), root structure (Xie et al 2007), and reproductive strategy (Xiao et al 2006). Even small variations in nutrient availability can cuase large differences in plant growth and morphological responses (Sugiyama & Bazzaz 1998, Müller et al 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Myriophyllum spicatum L. is a perennial submerged aquatic macrophyte native to Europe and Asia and is dominant in freshwater regions throughout China (Cook 1990, Xie et al 2007, Xie & Yu 2011a). This species is considered to be among the most troublesome aquatic weed species worldwide and has been shown to form thick monospecific stands that reduce the relative abundance and richness of other species in North America and North Africa (Grace & Wetzel 1978, Aiken et al 1979, Buchan & Padilla 2000, Smith et al 2002, Ali & Soltan 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth response of the submerged macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum to sediment nutrient levels and water-level fluctuations

Cao¹,

Wang²,

ZunLing³

2012

Aquat. Biol.

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Sediment nutrient levels and water-level fluctuations are important factors that affect the development and growth of submerged macrophytes; however, little is known about the adaptive responses of macrophytes to these factors. We conducted an experiment using the submerged macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum L. grown under 2 sediment nutrient levels (high: 2.7 mg g −1 total nitrogen, TN; 1.5 mg g −1 total phosphorus, TP; low: 1.45 mg g −1 TN and 0.70 mg g −1 TP) and 3 amplitudes of water-level fluctuation (static, ± 50 cm, ±100 cm) in outdoor ponds. We hypothesized that increased nutrient supply would promote the growth of M. spicatum, which can acclimate to the negative effects of moderate water-level fluctuations. After 112 d of growth under high-nutrient conditions, the plants produced a greater shoot biomass (higher branch number and length), resulting in greater accumulation of total biomass. However, plant growth was inhibited by increasing the amplitude of the water-level fluctuations: at ±100 cm, the plants allocated more biomass to the roots and produced fewer and longer branches. Conversely, plant growth was promoted in the high-nutrient sediments at ± 50 cm amplitude. The production of auto-fragments was increased in the high-nutrient sediment but was significantly decreased by high water-level fluctuations. Thus, sediment nutrient levels and water-level fluctuations have strong interactive effects on the growth and reproduction of M. spicatum, and increased sediment nutrients in combination with moderate water level fluctuations facilitate nutrient acquisition, plant growth, and reproduction. Our study implies that moderate water-level fluctuations benefit the restoration of submerged macrophyte communities, particularly in high-nutrient habitats.

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Effects of water exchange rate on morphological and physiological characteristics of two submerged macrophytes from Erhai Lake

Yuan

Meng

Duan

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Growth patterns of aquatic macrophytes have been shown to vary in response to hydrological properties; however, such properties are typically characterized by water level fluctuation, flow velocity, flooding season, and sedimentation, but not by water exchange rate (WER). Herein, we experimentally investigated how WER (three levels: exchange 0%, 20%, and 40% of total water per day) affects water and sediment properties, and the consequences that these variations have on the individual responses of two submerged macrophytes, Hydrilla verticillata and Myriophyllum aquaticum which were planted in two different sediment types (sand and clay). In the experiment without ramets, it was found that turbidity, pH value, and dissolved carbon dioxide concentration of the system water were statistically unaffected by WER, while water dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and sediment oxidation–reduction potential (ORP, in both sediments) consistently increased with increasing WER, regardless of experimental time. In the experiment containing ramets, biomass accumulation and relative growth rate (RGR) of both species gradually increased with increasing WER regardless of sediment type. The mechanisms were related to (a) increased oxygen availability, as indicated by gradually increased water DO concentration and sediment ORP; and (b) enhanced phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) absorbing abilities associated with stimulated root growth, reflected in increased mean root length, specific root length, and the root/above‐ground biomass ratio, with increasing WER. Additionally, in the experiments containing ramets, significant linear relationships were consistently detected between sediment ORP and root parameters, root parameters and plant nutrients (N and P), and plant nutrients and plant growth conditions (biomass accumulation and RGR). These results demonstrate that WER plays an important role in determining oxygen availability and thus impacts the growth of submerged macrophytes by altering the ability of roots to absorb nutrients, indicating that ecosystem functions are more sensitive to WER than previously recognized.

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Morphological and Physiological Responses to Sediment Type and Light Availability in Roots of the Submerged Plant Myriophyllum spicatum

Abstract: These data indicate that this plant can achieve the trade-off between internal aeration and nutrient acquisition by adjusting the structure of the root system and the pattern of biomass allocation to different root orders rather than root morphology and root porosity.

Cited by 62 publications

References 26 publications

Fertile sediment and ammonium enrichment decrease the growth and biomechanical strength of submersed macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum in an experiment

Fertile sediment and ammonium enrichment decrease the growth and biomechanical strength of submersed macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum in an experiment

Growth response of the submerged macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum to sediment nutrient levels and water-level fluctuations

Effects of water exchange rate on morphological and physiological characteristics of two submerged macrophytes from Erhai Lake

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