Morphological and physiological changes in central auditory neurons following unilateral foreleg amputation in larval crickets

Schildberger, Klaus; Wohlers, David; Schmitz, Barbara; Kleindienst, Hans Ulrich; Huber, Franz

doi:10.1007/bf00603613

Cited by 61 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…As has been demonstrated in two different cricket species, chronic deafferentation of the auditory neurons, via amputation of the foreleg, throughout the majority of larval development causes a profound alteration in the morphology of deafferented dendrites [Hoy et al, 1985;Schildberger et al, 1986]. Both types of ascending neurons as well as both omega neurons [Schildberger et al, 1986] respond to this deafferentation by sending dendritic sprouts across the boundary of the midline, as illustrated here for AN-2 ( fig.…”

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confidence: 75%

“…We used neuronal tracers and confocal microscopy to confirm and extend our understanding of the deafferentation-induced sprouting that has been previously described [Hoy et al, 1985;Schildberger et al, 1986;Schmitz, 1989]. Figure 2 shows a confocal image of a backfill of an adult control AN-2 ( fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both types of ascending neurons as well as both omega neurons [Schildberger et al, 1986] respond to this deafferentation by sending dendritic sprouts across the boundary of the midline, as illustrated here for AN-2 ( fig. 1 b).…”

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confidence: 91%

“…1 b). These dendrites form compensatory synaptic connections with the auditory afferents from the contralateral ear, which restore normal threshold and intensity characteristics [Hoy et al, 1985;Schildberger et al, 1986]. Experiments in the adult indicate that the physiological characteristics of the contralateral AN-2 on the intact side (or nondeafferented; light gray, fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The auditory system of the cricket provides a remarkable system in which to examine postembryonic dendritic plasticity since deafferentation has been shown to induce robust dendritic sprouting both during larval development and in the adult [Hoy et al, 1985;Schildberger et al, 1986;Brodfuehrer and Hoy, 1988]. Auditory signals, transduced by the auditory organ located in the tibia of each foreleg, are carried by auditory afferents into the prothoracic ganglia of the central nervous system (CNS) where they end in a 'claw-like' shape (gray, fig.…”

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Bilateral Consequences of Chronic Unilateral Deafferentation in the Auditory System of the Cricket <i>Gryllus bimaculatus</i>

et al. 2011

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The auditory system of the cricket has the unusual ability to respond to deafferentation by compensatory growth and synapse formation. Auditory interneurons such as ascending neuron 2 (AN-2) in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus possess a dendritic arbor that normally grows up to, but not over, the midline of the prothoracic ganglion. After chronic deafferentation throughout larval development, however, the AN-2 dendritic arbor changes dramatically, and medial dendrites sprout across the midline where they form compensatory synapses with the auditory afferents from the contralateral ear. We quantified the extent of the effects of chronic, unilateral deafferentation by measuring several cellular parameters of 3 different neuronal components of the auditory system: the deafferented AN-2, the contralateral (or nondeafferented) AN-2 and the contralateral auditory afferents. Neuronal tracers and confocal microscopy were used to visualize neurons, and double-label experiments were performed to examine the cellular relationship between pairs of cells. Dendritic complexity was quantified using a modified Sholl analysis, and the length and volume of processes and presynaptic varicosities were assessed under control and deafferented conditions. Chronic deafferentation significantly influenced the morphology of all 3 neuronal components examined. The overall dendritic complexity of the deafferented AN-2 dendritic arbor was reduced, while both the contralateral AN-2 dendritic arbor and the remaining, intact, auditory afferents grew longer. We found no significant changes in the volume or density of varicosities after deafferentation. These complex cellular changes after deafferentation are interpreted in the light of the reported differential regulation of vesicle-associated membrane protein and semaphorin 2a.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 91%

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confidence: 99%

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Bilateral Consequences of Chronic Unilateral Deafferentation in the Auditory System of the Cricket <i>Gryllus bimaculatus</i>

et al. 2011

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Influence of receptor axons on the formation of olfactory glomeruli in a hemimetabolous insect, the cockroachPeriplaneta americana

Salecker

Boeckh

1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

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The embryonic development of the hemimetabolous insect Periplaneta americana requires approximately 31 days. Deafferentation experiments were used to investigate the role of ingrowing receptor axons during embryogenesis, specifically their influence 1) on the subdivision of the antennal lobe neuropil into glomeruli, 2) on the morphology and number of glial cells, and 3) on the arborization pattern of central neurons. The flagellum of one antenna was removed from embryos at different developmental stages starting with day 10. Subsequently, they were raised in culture until a total age of 26 days. At day 10, the deutocerebrum has received only a very small number (ca. 0.4%) of antennal receptor axons; deafferentation at this stage allowed us to deprive the deutocerebrum of approximately 99% of its normal antennal input. Deafferentation has marked effects on the organization of the antennal lobe neuropil. The deafferented lobe is reduced in volume compared to the control side; the characteristic glomeruli are missing. During normal development glomeruli are formed between day 19 and 22, first in dorsal and then in ventral antennal lobe regions. By removing the antenna before day 20, their formation is disturbed in all parts of the antennal lobe. If deafferentation is performed after stage 20, glomeruli persist in dorsal regions, but are missing in ventral regions. On day 24 or later, glomeruli in both dorsal and ventral regions are unaffected by deafferentation. Glial cells continue to extend fine processes into the neuropil in the absence of ingrowing receptor axons. The number of glial cells is reduced compared to control lobes. Multiglomerular local interneurons and other gamma-amino butyric acid-immunoreactive neurons, as well as projection neurons, fail to develop glomerular arborization patterns in antennal lobes deprived of sensory axons.

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Neurogenesis in adult insect mushroom bodies

et al. 1996

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The occurrence of neurogenesis in mushroom bodies of adult insects belonging to several orthopteroid and coleopteran families is described. Using injections of 5-bromo, T2'-deoxyuridine, we showed that neuroblasts, which are progenitors of Kenyon cells during preimaginal instars, continue to divide in adult Acheta domesticus. Their progeny constitute a central column in mushroom body cortices of 3-week-old females. Other Gryllidae, Gryllus bimaculatus and Gryllomorpha dalmatina, show the same pattern of neuroblast activity and migration of their progeny. Immunocytochemical staining of glial cells failed to reveal any immunoreactivity, either in proliferating regions or in the resulting cells. In another orthopteran, Locusta migratoria, discrete clusters of cells, located dorsolateral to the Kenyon cells, incorporated 5-bromo, 2'-deoxyuridine, but we could not detect any neuronal progeny migrating to the mushroom body cortices. These cells were strongly labeled with an antiglial antibody, indicating that the replicating cells are glioblasts rather than neuroblasts. In Periplaneta americana (Dictyoptera), cells replicating their DNA were similarly shown to immunoreact with glial antibodies. In contrast, three coleopterans (Tenebrio molitor, Zophobas species, Harmonia axyridis) have two large neuroblasts located in the middle of the mushroom body cortices. These produce cells which migrate within the group of Kenyon cells, their nuclei having the same shape and size as those of surrounding Kenyon cells. In adult insects, neurogenesis in mushroom bodies occurs in Gryllidae and several coleopteran families, but could not be demonstrated in Dictyoptera and Acrididae. Its occurrence and distribution raise the issue of unexpected plasticity in the adult insect brain.

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Morphological and physiological changes in central auditory neurons following unilateral foreleg amputation in larval crickets

Cited by 61 publications

References 36 publications

Bilateral Consequences of Chronic Unilateral Deafferentation in the Auditory System of the Cricket <i>Gryllus bimaculatus</i>

Bilateral Consequences of Chronic Unilateral Deafferentation in the Auditory System of the Cricket <i>Gryllus bimaculatus</i>

Influence of receptor axons on the formation of olfactory glomeruli in a hemimetabolous insect, the cockroachPeriplaneta americana

Neurogenesis in adult insect mushroom bodies

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