Morphological and petro physical estimation of Eocene tight carbonate formation cracking by cryogenic liquid nitrogen; a case study of Lower Indus basin, Pakistan

Mahesar, Aftab Ahmed; Shar, Abdul Majeed; Ali, Muhammad; Tunio, Abdul Haque; Uqailli, M. Aslam; Mohanty, Udit Surya; Akhondzadeh, Hamed; Iglauer, Stefan; Keshavarz, Alireza

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107318

Cited by 55 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Unconventional reservoirs have different properties, behaviors, and flowing mechanisms [13,14]. The drilling mechanism of unconventional reservoirs varies according to type of lithology, downhole chemistry, and downhole environment.…”

Section: Development Of Unconventional Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increasing demand for energy has encouraged oil and gas companies to drill unconventional reservoirs in order to fulfill energy supply. Energy demand can be compensated through unconventional resources include heavy oil [3,4], gas hydrates [5], coal bed methane [6][7][8][9][10][11], tight gas [12][13][14][15][16], gas and oil shale [16][17][18], and high pressure high temperature (HPHT) wells [19][20][21]. New explorations in HPHT environments has led to a rise in drilling activities globally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanomaterial-Based Drilling Fluids for Exploitation of Unconventional Reservoirs: A Review

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The world’s energy demand is steadily increasing where it has now become difficult for conventional hydrocarbon reservoir to meet levels of demand. Therefore, oil and gas companies are seeking novel ways to exploit and unlock the potential of unconventional resources. These resources include tight gas reservoirs, tight sandstone oil, oil and gas shales reservoirs, and high pressure high temperature (HPHT) wells. Drilling of HPHT wells and shale reservoirs has become more widespread in the global petroleum and natural gas industry. There is a current need to extend robust techniques beyond costly drilling and completion jobs, with the potential for exponential expansion. Drilling fluids and their additives are being customized in order to cater for HPHT well drilling issues. Certain conventional additives, e.g., filtrate loss additives, viscosifier additives, shale inhibitor, and shale stabilizer additives are not suitable in the HPHT environment, where they are consequently inappropriate for shale drilling. A better understanding of the selection of drilling fluids and additives for hydrocarbon water-sensitive reservoirs within HPHT environments can be achieved by identifying the challenges in conventional drilling fluids technology and their replacement with eco-friendly, cheaper, and multi-functional valuable products. In this regard, several laboratory-scale literatures have reported that nanomaterial has improved the properties of drilling fluids in the HPHT environment. This review critically evaluates nanomaterial utilization for improvement of rheological properties, filtrate loss, viscosity, and clay- and shale-inhibition at increasing temperature and pressures during the exploitation of hydrocarbons. The performance and potential of nanomaterials, which influence the nature of drilling fluid and its multi-benefits, is rarely reviewed in technical literature of water-based drilling fluid systems. Moreover, this review presented case studies of two HPHT fields and one HPHT basin, and compared their drilling fluid program for optimum selection of drilling fluid in HPHT environment.

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Section: Development Of Unconventional Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterial-Based Drilling Fluids for Exploitation of Unconventional Reservoirs: A Review

et al. 2020

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“…After achieving stable pressure at inlet and outlet ends by injecting 5 PV of distilled water, injection flow was stopped and pressure was maintained at 2000 psi for 24 h to allow 100% saturation throughout the rock matrix. After the saturation process, absolute permeability was measured by injecting distilled water at three different flow rates of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mL/min [1,2]. Further, crude oil from Ahwaz oilfield was injected to measure initial water saturation (Swi).…”

Section: Core Flooding Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, optimizing the reserve in place can be a solution tackle this issue [1]. According to the proven oil reserves in the world, carbonate rocks make up about 50% of the world's oil reserves [2]. Currently, the oil industry is more focused to increase production from existing reservoirs by using enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Environment-Friendly Non-Ionic Surfactant on Interfacial Tension Reduction and Wettability Alteration; Implications for Enhanced Oil Recovery

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Production from mature oil reservoirs can be optimized by using the surfactant flooding technique. This can be achieved by reducing oil and water interfacial tension (IFT) and modifying wettability to hydrophilic conditions. In this study, a novel green non-ionic surfactant (dodecanoyl-glucosamine surfactant) was synthesized and used to modify the wettability of carbonate reservoirs to hydrophilic conditions as well as to decrease the IFT of hydrophobic oil–water systems. The synthesized non-ionic surfactant was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chemical shift nuclear magnetic resonance (HNMR) analyses. Further pH, turbidity, density, and conductivity were investigated to measure the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactant solutions. The result shows that this surfactant alters wettability from 148.93° to 65.54° and IFT from 30 to 14 dynes/cm. Core-flooding results have shown that oil recovery was increased from 40% (by water flooding) to 59% (by surfactant flooding). In addition, it is identified that this novel non-ionic surfactant can be used in CO2 storage applications due to its ability to alter the hydrophobicity into hydrophilicity of the reservoir rocks.

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“…The present day population of the country reported stands at around 188 million. Around 40% of the world population share belongs to Pakistan, China, and India and these countries are in their development stage which requires energy on large scale to fulfill their increased energy demand due to population growth and industrialization [2,3]. The world's main energy dependency is on fossil fuels (67.9%) and is followed by nuclear (10.9%), hydropower (16.2%)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Gas Potential of Pakistan an Important Parameter in Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Shar

Mahesar²

2020

Pak J Anal Environ Chem

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Climate change is one of the most challenging issues in Pakistan and has affected humans in every sphere of life. Pakistan is ranked on 8th in the world among the countries emitting Greenhouse gases (GHG). Such an extensive emission of GHG is due to the growing number of industrial units and urban centres consuming fossil fuels that emit GHG at a large scale. Mitigating the GHG emission indeed is a challenge for Pakistan. This manuscript highlights the GHG emission status and provides recommendations with suitable alternatives to mitigate the emission. Simultaneously, the study explores the impact of switching over the fuels from conventional fossil fuels to unconventional natural gas as a source of energy for domestic use, transportations and industrial sectors to mitigate the GHG emission. Natural gas is considered as green fuel due to the low carbon emission ratio as other fuels e.g. coal and oil. If Pakistan becomes successful in exploring and exploiting the indigenous untapped natural gas resources, that will eventually support in reducing the GHG emissions. This is only possible by making new natural gas reservoir discoveries. Discovering new gas reservoirs from unconventional resources is also very challenging and requires investment and modification in existing energy policies. In addition, the government should encourage the Exploration Production (EP) companies to exploit the hidden natural gas potential that will assist in both alleviating the energy deficit and reducing the GHG emission. The findings of the present study analysis have substantial implications regarding GHG mitigation, energy transition, and economic development.

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Morphological and petro physical estimation of Eocene tight carbonate formation cracking by cryogenic liquid nitrogen; a case study of Lower Indus basin, Pakistan

Cited by 55 publications

References 32 publications

Nanomaterial-Based Drilling Fluids for Exploitation of Unconventional Reservoirs: A Review

Nanomaterial-Based Drilling Fluids for Exploitation of Unconventional Reservoirs: A Review

Effect of Environment-Friendly Non-Ionic Surfactant on Interfacial Tension Reduction and Wettability Alteration; Implications for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Natural Gas Potential of Pakistan an Important Parameter in Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions

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