Morphological and morphometric study of the androgenetic alopecic scalp using two- and three-dimensional analysis comparing regional differences

Kim, Jeong Nam; Lee, J.Y.; Shin, Kang Jae; Gil, Young Chul; Koh, Ki Seok; Song, Wu‐Chul

doi:10.1111/bjd.12842

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most frequent form of alopecia characterized by progressive patterned hair loss, stepwise miniaturization of hair follicles, and change in hair cycle 1 caused by androgens and genetic factors 2 . Previous studies have indicated that scalp anatomy changes significantly with aging or alopecia 3‐7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of the anatomical changes in the scalp and hair follicles in androgenetic alopecia using magnetic resonance imaging

Soga

Koyama²,

Mikoshi

et al. 2020

Skin Research and Technology

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Background Although the structural changes of the scalp in androgenetic alopecia (AGA) have been reported, these changes have been poorly understood. It is expected that modern MRI would visualize the scalp anatomy in vivo. This study aimed to explore whether AGA causes (a) changes in the thickness of the scalp, (b) anatomical changes in the hair follicles, and (c) changes in the signal intensity of MRI. Materials and Methods Twenty‐seven volunteers underwent MRI for hair and scalp (MRH) and were categorized into two according to the Hamilton‐Norwood Scale: the “AGA group” and the “normal group.” Two radiologists analyzed the thickness and signal intensity of the scalp, and the depth of hair follicles. These measurements were compared between the two groups. Results The thickness of the hypodermis and the entire scalp was significantly thinner in the AGA group than in the control group. The AGA group had significantly shallower depth of hair follicles and relative depth of the hair follicles to that of the entire scalp than the normal group. The hypodermis showed higher signal intensity in the AGA group than the normal group. Conclusion MRH allowed noninvasive visualization of the scalp anatomy and demonstrated the thinner nature of the entire scalp and hypodermis, along with the shallower depth of the hair follicles in the AGA group in comparison to the normal group. Additionally, MRH demonstrated the increased MR signal intensity in the scalp associated with AGA. MRH may be a promising new method for quantitative and objective analyses of AGA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of the anatomical changes in the scalp and hair follicles in androgenetic alopecia using magnetic resonance imaging

Soga

Koyama²,

Mikoshi

et al. 2020

Skin Research and Technology

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“…Cross talk occurs between androgens and the Wnt-betacatenin signaling pathway that leads to hair loss. At the somatic stem cell level, androgens promote differentiation of facial hair dermal papillae but inhibit it at the scalp [1]. There are different stages in which hair loss takes place in the scalp as classified by Norwood.…”

Section: Androgenic Alopeciamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethosomes: An Exciting and Promising Alcoholic Carrier System for Treating Androgenic Alopecia

Sankar¹,

Ramesh²,

Karthik³

2018

Alopecia

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Androgenetic alopecia (male-pattern hair loss) is characterized by the deposition of dihydrotestosterone at the pilosebaceous unit of the scalp. Oral administration of drugs (like finasteride) which can reverse androgenic alopecia causes undesired effects to the body. Targeting these drugs directly to the pilosebaceous unit of the scalp will enhance the pharmacological response at the desired site by reducing undesired systemic side effects. This chapter discusses about ethosomes, a specially tailored ethanolic vesicular carriers which can efficiently deliver various drugs with different physicochemical properties to and through the skin. The unique characteristics of the ethosomal carriers, their composition, preparation methods, and the mechanism of permeation, safety, and practical experience (finasteride and herbal extracts) have been discussed in detail.

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“…Prior to the usage, the skin was carefully examined to ensure absence of holes or crevices. Later, the skin was mounted on a receptor compartment of the Franz diffusion cell with the subcutaneous region facing towards the donor compartment [20,21]. The receptor compartment was filled with 15 ml of pH 7.4 PBS, maintained at 37 ± 1 C. One ml of FES was applied to the epidermal surface of the frontal scalp skin of human cadaver and covered with paraffin film.…”

Section: In Vitro Permeation Across Scalp Skin Of a Human Cadavermentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and evaluation of finasteride loaded ethosomes for targeting to the pilosebaceous unit

Wilson

Karthik

Selvakumar

et al. 2017

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology

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Androgenetic alopecia, a major cause for baldness, is caused by the deposition of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) at the androgen receptors present in the pilosebaceous unit (PSU). Finasteride (FIN) is a potent 5α-reductase inhibitor capable of preventing the conversion of testosterone to DHT. But, its oral administration in males causes infertility. An attempt was made to prepare ethosomes of FIN with a size range 100-300 nm to enhance its delivery to the PSU. Finasteride loaded ethosomes (FES) were prepared using an ultra-probe sonicator and characterized for its size, morphology, surface charge and entrapment efficiency. The ability of FES to permeate across rat skin and frontal scalp skin of human cadaver was also evaluated. The spherical shaped ethosomes of different batches were in the size range of 107.8 ± 2.50 to 220.4 ± 6.92 nm and showed good permeation across rat skin and frontal scalp skin of human cadaver when compared to the unencapsulated FIN. The results portrayed the ability of FES to permeate across the stratum corneum to reach the PSU of the hair follicle. Although additional use of permeation enhancer increases the permeation of FIN across the skin, its addition may not be a favourable option for the deposition of ethosomes in the PSU.

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Morphological and morphometric study of the androgenetic alopecic scalp using two- and three-dimensional analysis comparing regional differences

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Quantitative analysis of the anatomical changes in the scalp and hair follicles in androgenetic alopecia using magnetic resonance imaging

Quantitative analysis of the anatomical changes in the scalp and hair follicles in androgenetic alopecia using magnetic resonance imaging

Ethosomes: An Exciting and Promising Alcoholic Carrier System for Treating Androgenic Alopecia

Development and evaluation of finasteride loaded ethosomes for targeting to the pilosebaceous unit

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