Morphological and Morphometric Study of Branching Pattern of M2 Segment of Middle Cerebral Artery in Human Cadaveric Brains

Kadam, Jaya

doi:10.18535/jmscr/v6i6.110

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Pattern 3 or bifurcation (97.8%) was the most common, followed by trifurcation (1.04%), early bifurcation (0.51%) and single trunk (0.17%). The duplicated MCA and fenestration were seen in 0.34% and 0.17%, respectively.The incidence of bifurcation in the present study is comparable to that in the study byKadam et al (2018). The incidence of bifurcation was higher in males (97.8%) as compared to females (91.7%) in our study.…”

supporting

confidence: 83%

“…The bifurcation is the most common branching pattern of MCA with minimum and maximum incidence in cadaveric studies reported to be 48% and 96.5% (Kadam et al, 2018;Reci, 2019), respectively. In cadavers from India, incidence varies from 64.7%-96.5% (Kadam et al, 2018;Gunnal et al, 2019). The bifurcation is seen in 73% to 92.7% in imaging studies (Sadatamo et al, 2013;Vuillier et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its incidence varies from 3% to 24% in cadavers (Eve et al, 2021;Reci, 2019). Presence of three or four final MCA trunks is referred as trifurcation or quadrifurcation (Reci, 2019) Incidence of trifurcation is 1.7% to 26.6% in cadaveric studies and 7.3% to 13.8% in angiographic studies (Kadam et al, 2018;Jeyakumar and Veerapandan, 2018;Sadatamo et al, 2013;Brzegowy et al, 2018). Incidence of quadrifurcation is 0.7% to 3.8% (Ogeng'O et al, 2011;Umansky et al, 1988;Gunnal et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variations in branching pattern of middle cerebral artery using CT angiography in South Indian population

Sharma¹,

Verma²,

Adithan³

2023

EJA

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Middle cerebral artery (MCA) variants are rare compared to that of the other two cerebral arteries. Incidence of variations like duplication, fenestration, accessory vessel and early branching ranges from 0.17 to 4%. However, the literature describing MCA variations using CT Angiography (CTA) is limited, so this study was planned to determine the incidence of MCA branching pattern in Indian population using CTA. Datasets of CTA of 578 MCA from 289 patients (180 males and 109 females), with average age of 49.29±16.16 years (range of 11 to 85 years), from a tertiary care hospital were systematically reviewed for variations in branching pattern. Cases involving aneurysms and infarcts were excluded from the study. Four branching patterns of MCA were seen. Pattern I: single trunk in 0.17% (1/578) cases, on left side. Pattern II: early bifurcation in 0.52% (2/578) cases, two cases on right and one on left side. Pattern III: bifurcation, in 97.75%, (565/578) cases, 46.15% (6/13) cases on right and 53.84% (7/13) on left side. Pattern IV: trifurcation, in 1% (6/578), two cases on right and four on left side. Duplicated MCA seen in 0.34% (2/578) cases, both on the right side. The fenestration of MCA seen in 0.17% (1/578), on the left side. No case of accessory MCA was seen. Awareness of these anatomical variations in the branching pattern of MCA is valuable for clinicians and surgeons handling cases of intracranial aneurysms and infarcts. Thus, data from this study would help surgeons minimize errors and provide the best possible outcome to the patients

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confidence: 83%