Morphological and morphometric features of knee joint in wild boar (Sus scrofa)

Abstract

The knee joint, the most complex one among synovial joints, has very essential functions in carrying and moving body weight in mammals.However, due to the fact that it consists of more than two bones, the incompatibility of the femorotibial joint surfaces, menisci and extra ligaments is needed (Dursun, 2008;König & Liebich, 2007). This situation causes the formation of specific problems of all structures belonging to the joint. These problems can be given as examples of various diseases such as cruciate ligament ruptures (Hayashi et al., 2004), patellar luxation (Wangdee, 2014), chondromalacia (Goodfellow et al., 1976), osteoarthritis (McAlindon et al., 1992), osteochondrosis (Grøndalen, 1974 and meniscus tears (Fox et al., 2015). As a result of the diseases, both limitation of movement or immobility and severe pain occur in the joint (Kidd, 2006;Sanchez-Ramirez et al., 2013). Diseases of the knee joint may develop due to traumatic causes (Hayashi et al., 2004), nutritional disorders (Joseph et al., 2020 and congenital anomalies (Cave & Staples, 1941;Kılıç et al., 2008). In the treatment of knee joint problems, surgical operations are often used in addition to conservative treatments (Bhave