Morphological and molecular data support the monophyletic nature of the genus Pratylenchoides Winslow, 1958 (Nematoda: Merliniidae) and reveal its intrageneric structuring

Azizi, Kourosh; Eskandari, Ali; Karegar, Akbar; Ghaderi, Reza; Elsen, Sven van den; Holterman, M.H.M.; Helder, J.

doi:10.1163/15685411-00003023

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The morphology and morphometry of the isolated nematode species (Table 2) agreed with original and previous descriptions of them, except for minor intraspecific differences (Koliopanos and Vovlas, 1977;Castillo and Gómez Barcina, 1988;Ghaderi et al, 2014;Subbotin et al, 2015;Azizi et al, 2016). Nematode DNA was extracted from single individuals and PCR assays were conducted as described by Castillo et al (2003).…”

supporting

confidence: 71%

“…These data support previous suggestions for synonymizing P. alkani and OLI114, OLI129, OLI131, OLI134, OLI135, OLI142, and OLI146) and in nine further wild olive samples (OLE011, OLE013, OLE015, OLE021, OLE027, OLE028, OLE029, OLE030, and OLE032). b May be a junior synonym of P. ritteri, as supported by phylogenetic analyses by Azizi et al (2016) and noted by some other researchers (Brzeski, 1998;Ghaderi and Karegar, 2014;Ghaderi et al, 2014 (Brzeski, 1998;Karegar, 2006;Ghaderi and Karegar, 2014;Ghaderi et al 2014;Azizi et al, 2016). Nevertheless, additional studies with other ribosomal and mitochondrial markers on topotype populations of both species are needed to clarify whether the two taxa are conspecific or cryptic species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 69%

“…b May be a junior synonym of P. ritteri, as supported by phylogenetic analyses by Azizi et al (2016) and noted by some other researchers (Brzeski, 1998;Ghaderi and Karegar, 2014;Ghaderi et al, 2014 P. ritteri, as suggested by some other researchers (Brzeski, 1998;Karegar, 2006;Ghaderi and Karegar, 2014;Ghaderi et al 2014;Azizi et al, 2016). Nevertheless, additional studies with other ribosomal and mitochondrial markers on topotype populations of both species are needed to clarify whether the two taxa are conspecific or cryptic species.…”

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confidence: 85%

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First Report of Bitylenchus hispaniensis, Pratylenchoides alkani, and Helicotylenchus vulgaris in Association with Cultivated and Wild Olives in Crete, Greece and Molecular Identification of Helicotylenchus microlobus and Merlinius brevidens

Tzortzakakis

Cantalapiedra‐Navarrete

Kormpi

et al. 2018

Journal of Nematology

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Nematode samplings in cultivated and wild olive in Crete, Greece, yielded the presence of Bitylenchus hispaniensis, Helicotylenchus microlobus, Helicotylenchus vulgaris, Merlinius brevidens, and Pratylenchoides alkani. With the exception of H. microlobus and M. brevidens, reports of these plant-parasitic nematode species constitute new records for Greece. Bitylenchus hispaniensis is also reported for first time in a country outside of Spain, where it was originally described. Pratylenchoides alkani is herein reported for the second time in the Mediterranean area and for the first time in association with olive. Two further populations of H. microlobus and H. vulgaris, from walnut and goji berry from Greece, were identified. Molecular data for all of these nematode species are provided, resulting in the first integrative identification of these Greek populations.

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confidence: 71%

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confidence: 69%

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confidence: 85%

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First Report of Bitylenchus hispaniensis, Pratylenchoides alkani, and Helicotylenchus vulgaris in Association with Cultivated and Wild Olives in Crete, Greece and Molecular Identification of Helicotylenchus microlobus and Merlinius brevidens

Tzortzakakis

Cantalapiedra‐Navarrete

Kormpi

et al. 2018

Journal of Nematology

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“…The D2-D3 segments of 28S rRNA and 18S rRNA sequences of different genera of Telotylenchinae Siddiqi, 1960 were obtained from GenBank and used for phylogenetic reconstruction. Outgroup taxa for each dataset were chosen following previously published studies (Handoo et al, 2014;Azizi et al, 2016;Hosseinvand et al, 2019a). The D2-D3 region alignment consisted of 54 sequences as ingroups and two sequences of Psilenchus hilarulus de Man, 1921 (KP313831) Thorne & Malek, 1968 (lip region described as having no visible transverse annuli; however, this species may have 6-10 mostly fine annuli, and belongs to the group 6) 2 Average value of c ′ ratio 2 to 3.5 .…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the few and difficult characters to study in this group of nematodes, the use of molecular markers for species identification in the genus is of high importance. The use of nuclear ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes (D2–D3 expansion segments of the large ribosomal subunit (28S), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial small ribosomal subunit (18S)) have been proven useful in the latest phylogenetic studies of this group of nematodes (Handoo et al ., 2014; Azizi et al ., 2016; Gharakhani et al ., 2019; Hosseinvand et al ., 2019a, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomical considerations and molecular phylogeny of the closely related generaBitylenchus,SauertylenchusandTylenchorhynchus(Nematoda: Telotylenchinae), with one new and four known species from Iran

et al. 2020

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During several nematological surveys in cultivated and natural habitats in Khuzestan and Zanjan provinces of Iran, a new species, Bitylenchus parvulus n. sp., two new records for Iran – namely, Tylenchorhynchus agri and Tylenchorhynchus graciliformis – and a population of Bitylenchus parvus and one of Sauertylenchus maximus were recovered and characterized based upon morphological and molecular approaches. The new species is characterized by lip region with five to seven annuli, stylet 17.7 (17.0–18.5) μm long, sub-cylindrical tail narrowing abruptly near terminus giving a bluntly digitate shape to the tail tip, cuticle near anterior part of vulva wrinkled and post-rectal sac occupies whole of tail cavity. The phylogenetic analyses were carried out using molecular data from D2–D3 expansion segments of large ribosomal subunit (28S rRNA) for all studied species and the partial small ribosomal subunit (18S rRNA) for the new species. The representatives of Bitylenchus and Sauertylenchus formed distinct clades from Tylenchorhynchus members, supporting the hypothesis in which Bitylenchus and Sauertylenchus could be considered as valid genera, but rejecting the ‘large-genus’ concept for Tylenchorhynchus. Also, Sauertylenchus ibericus was proposed as a junior synonym of S. maximus based on the results from morphological and phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, an identification key for all known species included in the three genera Bitylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus and Sauertylenchus is presented herein. The number of transverse annuli on the lip region and presence/absence of post-rectal sac were considered as the main diagnostic characters for classifying the species into seven groups, and other morphological and morphometric characters were subsequently used for distinguishing species in each group.

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First Report of Pratylenchoides leiocauda Parasitic on Perilla frutescenes in the Republic of Korea

Kang

Park

et al. 2023

Plant Disease

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Perilla (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. japonica) is an annual herbaceous crop belonging to Lamiaceae. It is one of the most important crops in Korea. A survey of plant parasitic nematodes was carried out in 70 perilla fields in Geumsan and Miryang, Korea in 2020. Migratory endo-parasitic nematodes were extracted from the perilla roots using modified root incubation methods (Mountain and Patrick, 1959). False root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchoides) were recovered from 41.4% of the fields. They were identified using morphological and molecular analyses. Among the Pratylenchoides species, Pratylenchoides leiocauda was described in France from soil around non-identified grass and weeds. P. leiocauda is reported to weaken the root systems of tomato, potato and strawberry (Sher, 1970; Li et al., 2020). The morphological characteristics of males and females from the 2020 survey were very similar to P. leiocauda. The lateral field contained six incisures and the pharyngeal glands overlapped the intestine dorsally for 1-2 times the body width. Additionally, they had a second nucleus near the pharyngeal intestine valve, female tails with incisures, and a smooth conical tail with 18-23 annules. Measurements and micrographs with the light-microscope (DM5000, Leica, Germany) and camera (DFC450, Leica, Germany) were taken from females (n=23) for mean, standard deviation and range of body length: 824.5 ± 71.0 (657.7-993.8) µm, maximum body width: 28.4 ± 2.7 (24.8-36.2) µm, stylet length: 22.8 ± 0.7 (21.4-24.0) µm and percent of distance from anterior end to vulva / body length: 57.7 ± 1.4 (54.0-60.3). Males (n=5) were characterized by a body length: 653.5 ± 64.3 (555.3-714.7) µm, a stylet length: 20.9 ± 1.0 (19.7-22.0) µm and a spicule length: 26.1 ± 2.5 (22.3-28.5) µm. Morphological measurements and characteristics (Fig. 1A-F) were compared to previous descriptions of P. leiocauda. As a result, the Korean population was larger than that of the originally described population from France, and was more similar to the Chinese population (Sher, 1970; Azizi et al., 2016; Li et al., 2020). In addition, PCR was performed for the COⅠ, LSU rRNA D2-D3 and ITS region using the primers (Mwesige et al., 2020). The sequenced COⅠ, LSU rRNA D2–D3 segments and ITS region are 447, 776 and 777 bp, respectively. The newly obtained sequences were submitted to GenBank database under accession numbers MZ418130, MZ414163 and MZ418133 of ITS region. A BLASTn search of the LSU rRNA D2–D3 sequence was most similar to P. leiocauda (MN539650), which is the species isolated from tomato in China (Li et al., 2020). The identities of these two sequences were 99.9% (775/776), with no insertions/deletions. The phylogenetic relationships strongly support P. leiocauda (Fig. 1G). Symptoms of perilla associated with P. leiocauda under field conditions included small and curled leaves, chlorosis of leaf edges, dark brown root epidermis and root necrosis (Fig. 2A, B). Koch’s postulates were completed by inoculating 100 P. leiocauda into ten 45-cm-in-diameter pots filled with sterilized sandy loam soil and planted with perilla cultivar ‘Ipdeulkkae 1-ho’. The potted plants were maintained for 50 days at 25℃ under greenhouse conditions. A P. leiocauda reproduction factor was 1.45 ± 0.20 was observed at the end of the trial, with 106 ± 21.6 recovered from soil and 39 ± 6.7 from root tissue. The root and shoot symptoms in the greenhouse trial were the same as those observed under field conditions (Fig. 2C, D). This, therefore, is the first record of P. leiocauda associated with perilla in Korea and management is warranted.

show abstract

Morphological and molecular data support the monophyletic nature of the genus Pratylenchoides Winslow, 1958 (Nematoda: Merliniidae) and reveal its intrageneric structuring

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

First Report of Bitylenchus hispaniensis, Pratylenchoides alkani, and Helicotylenchus vulgaris in Association with Cultivated and Wild Olives in Crete, Greece and Molecular Identification of Helicotylenchus microlobus and Merlinius brevidens

First Report of Bitylenchus hispaniensis, Pratylenchoides alkani, and Helicotylenchus vulgaris in Association with Cultivated and Wild Olives in Crete, Greece and Molecular Identification of Helicotylenchus microlobus and Merlinius brevidens

Taxonomical considerations and molecular phylogeny of the closely related generaBitylenchus,SauertylenchusandTylenchorhynchus(Nematoda: Telotylenchinae), with one new and four known species from Iran

First Report of Pratylenchoides leiocauda Parasitic on Perilla frutescenes in the Republic of Korea

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