Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Heterodera schachtii and the Newly Recorded Cyst Nematode, H. trifolii Associated with Chinese Cabbage in Korea

Mwamula, Abraham Okki; Ko, Hyoung-Rai; Kim, Youngjoon; Kim, Young Ho; Lee, Jae-Kook; Lee, Dong Woon

doi:10.5423/ppj.oa.12.2017.0262

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The ZM, KM, CB and FN populations observed in the study were consistent with those mentioned in the references about other populations of SCN [3,37]. The ZZ population was almost consistent with the populations from Xinjiang [20], Turkey [38], South Korea [39] and the USA [17]. Furthermore, molecular analyses of rDNA-ITS confirmed that the ZZ population clustered in a branch with the Xinjiang and Belgian populations of SBCN, with high similarity of 99.79-100%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Investigation and Identification of Cyst Nematodes in the Bashang Region of Hebei, China

et al. 2022

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Cyst nematodes are one of the most important pathogens worldwide. Most cyst nematode species have been reported recently in China. From 2016 to 2020, an extensive survey of cyst nematodes was conducted in the Bashang region of Hebei Province. A total of 158 soil samples were collected, and cyst-forming nematodes were isolated from five soil samples. Morphological and molecular characterization showed that four of the cyst-forming nematode populations were Heterodera glycines (SCN), named populations of ZM, KM, CB and FN, respectively. These SCN populations were collected from Zhangbei County, Kangbao County, Chabei Management Area of Zhangjiakou and Fengning Manchu Autonomous County of Chengde, respectively, where the corresponding cyst densities were 57, 41, 103 and 31 cysts/200 cc soil. Furthermore, the populations of ZM, KM and CB were identified as race 4, whereas the FN population was identified as race 3. The cyst-forming nematode population was collected from Zhangbei County of Zhangjiakou, which was confirmed to be Heterodera schachtii (SBCN), named population ZZ, and the cyst density was 94 cysts/200 cc soil. It is a new disease of Chinese cabbage caused by SBCN based on Koch’s postulates. Fourteen cultivars from five plant families were evaluated as hosts for SBCN. Chinese cabbage (cv. Linglonghuang012) and cabbage (cv. Chunwang) were suitable hosts, while celery (cv. Yuhuang), potato (cv. Helan 15) and eggplant (cv. Junlang) were nonhosts. The obtained results regarding the occurrence, distribution, races of SCN and hosts of SBCN in the Bashang region in this study provide a reference for SCN and SBCN management.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Investigation and Identification of Cyst Nematodes in the Bashang Region of Hebei, China

et al. 2022

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“…Overall (Figure 2), Leu, glycerol, and guanosine were highly detected metabolites at all stages, except in the female stage of H. trifolii (ninth and tenth, respectively). 4); pyrimidine metabolism (5); TCA cycle to store energy (6); TCA cycle for energy conversion: β-oxidation and BCAA metabolism (7); aromatic amino acid metabolism-phenylalanine and tyrosine (8); choline metabolism and methionine salvage (9); glutamate metabolism and urea cycle (10); and aromatic amino acid metabolism-tryptophan (11). The bars/lines represent peak areas of metabolites in H. schachtii egg (blue), H. schachtii juvenile 2 (red), H. schachtii female (green), H. trifolii egg (orange), H. trifolii juvenile 2 (mazarine), H. trifolii female (purple), respectively.…”

Section: Highly Detected Metabolites In Nematode Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has a wide host range, including Trifolium , Medicago , Lespedeza , Glycine , Dianthus , Lotus , Vinca , Melilotus , Spinacea , Polygonum , Rumex , Chenopodium , Agrostis pai , Curcuma larga , Solanum , Pisum , and Phaseolus [ 6 ]. H. schachtii and H. trifolii have morphological resemblances, host range similarityies and exhibit similar symptoms of damage; this makes it difficult to distinguish between these species in the field [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Analysis of the Development of the Plant-Parasitic Cyst Nematodes Heterodera schachtii and Heterodera trifolii by Capillary Electrophoresis Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Lee

Kim

Mani

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The cyst nematodes Heterodera schachtii and Heterodera trifolii, whose major hosts are sugar beet and clover, respectively, damage a broad range of plants, resulting in significant economic losses. Nematodes synthesize metabolites for organismal development and social communication. We performed metabolic profiling of H. schachtii and H. trifolii in the egg, juvenile 2 (J2), and female stages. In all, 392 peaks were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry, which revealed a lot of similarities among metabolomes. Aromatic amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, choline metabolism, methionine salvage pathway, glutamate metabolism, urea cycle, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, coenzyme metabolism, purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle for energy conversion (β-oxidation and branched-chain amino acid metabolism) energy storage were involved in all stages studied. The egg and female stages synthesized higher levels of metabolites compared to the J2 stage. The key metabolites detected were glycerol, guanosine, hydroxyproline, citric acid, phosphorylcholine, and the essential amino acids Phe, Leu, Ser, and Val. Metabolites, such as hydroxyproline, acetylcholine, serotonin, glutathione, and glutathione disulfide, which are associated with growth and reproduction, mobility, and neurotransmission, predominated in the J2 stage. Other metabolites, such as SAM, 3PSer, 3-ureidopropionic acid, CTP, UDP, UTP, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-hydroxy-4-methylvaleric acid, Gly Asp, glucuronic acid-3 + galacturonic acid-3 Ser-Glu, citrulline, and γ-Glu-Asn, were highly detected in the egg stage. Meanwhile, nicotinamide, 3-PG, F6P, Cys, ADP-Ribose, Ru5P, S7P, IMP, DAP, diethanolamine, p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, and γ-Glu-Arg_divalent were unique to the J2 stage. Formiminoglutamic acid, nicotinaminde riboside + XC0089, putrescine, thiamine 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3-methyladenine, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, m-hydrobenzoic acid, o- and p-coumaric acid, and shikimic acid were specific to the female stage. Overall, highly similar identities and quantities of metabolites between the corresponding stages of the two species of nematode were observed. Our results will be a valuable resource for further studies of physiological changes related to the development of nematodes and nematode–plant interactions.

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“…The genus Heterodera is one of the most important PPNs worldwide, and are described as about 85 species including soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines). Heterodera species reported in Korea are as follows: soybean cyst nematode (H. glycines) on soybean in 1983 (Choi and Choi, 1983), Korean cyst nematode (H. koreana) on bamboo in 1992 (Vovlas et al, 1992), sugar beet cyst nematode (H. schachtii) on Chinese-cabbage in 2011 (Kim et al 2016), white soybean cyst nematode (H. sojae) on soybean in 2016 (Kang et al, 2016), clover cyst nematode (H. trifolii) on Chinese-cabbage in 2017 (Mwamula et al, 2018), and rice cyst nematode (H. oryzae) on rice in 2020 (Mwesige et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haplotype diversity of Heterodera koreana (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae), affecting bamboo in Korea

Kang,

Ko,

Lim

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in agricultural fields, cyst-forming nematodes were found in soil planted bamboo in Korea. The aim of this study was to identify the cyst nematodes based on morphological and molecular characteristics. As the results, the morphology and morphometrics of cysts and second-stage juveniles (J2s) were consistent with those of previous descriptions of Heterodera koreana. In phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences, these cyst nematodes were clustered together with clade of H. koreana in internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and large subunit D2-D3 segments (LSU D2-D3). These nematodes were clustered together with clade of H. koreana in cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, but a haplotype was different when compared with previous reported haplotypes (haplotype A-C) in Japan. This study showed these cyst nematodes were identified as H. koreana, and a new haplotype of H. koreana is distributed in Korea. We suggest that the new haplotype of H. koreana name as haplotype D.

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Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Heterodera schachtii and the Newly Recorded Cyst Nematode, H. trifolii Associated with Chinese Cabbage in Korea

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Investigation and Identification of Cyst Nematodes in the Bashang Region of Hebei, China

Investigation and Identification of Cyst Nematodes in the Bashang Region of Hebei, China

Metabolic Analysis of the Development of the Plant-Parasitic Cyst Nematodes Heterodera schachtii and Heterodera trifolii by Capillary Electrophoresis Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Haplotype diversity of Heterodera koreana (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae), affecting bamboo in Korea

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