Morphological and molecular characterization of Endophyllum species on perennial asteraceous plants in South Africa

Wood, Alan R.; Crous, Pedro W.

doi:10.1017/s0953756204002175

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Recent progress with testing and importation of two agents that damage the leaves of C. monilifera , the eriophyiid mite Aceria neseri (Morley, 2004) and the systemic rust fungus Endophyllum osteospermi (Doidge) A.R. Wood (Wood & Crous, 2005), may provide potential for further weakening the seeding capacity of C. monilifera in Australia. Biological control, used in an integrated manner with conventional control techniques, continues to form the basis of the national control program for C. monilifera in Australia (Adair & Edwards, 1996; ARMCANZ, 2000; Downey et al , 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the biological control agent Mesoclanis polana (Tephritidae) on bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata) in eastern Australia

Edwards

Adair²,

Holtkamp

et al. 2008

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The seed fly Mesoclanis polana (Diptera: Tephritidae) was released in Australia in 1996. Its impact on seed production of bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata) was monitored at eight sites along the New South Wales coast from 1996 to 2004. Peak flowerhead production occurred in autumn (March to May); therefore, samples collected in May of each year were used to compare abundance and impact of M. polana across sites and between years. Latitude had a significant effect on abundance and impact of M. polana. By May 2004, 99.6% of flowerheads at the five most northern sites contained at least one egg, while 64% of flowerheads from the two most southern sites contained at least one egg. In May 2004, mean numbers of M. polana eggs per flowerhead were between 13 and 17 at four of the six northern sites and below two at the two southern sites. In May 2004, average seed destruction by M. polana was 58% at the four most northern sites and 11% at the two most southern sites. The highest level of seed destruction recorded was 86% at Kingscliff in May 2003. Percentage seed destruction in May provided a reasonable estimate of seed destruction for the whole year. Parasitoids were found throughout the range of M. polana in Australia. Their attack rate on M. polana was less than 10% at all sites, except at the two most northern sites where parasitism of up to 27% was recorded. Parasitism results are compared with predictions made following an earlier study. The release of Mesoclanis magnipalpis, a species suited to cooler environments, is recommended for the southern range of C. monilifera subsp. rotundata.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the biological control agent Mesoclanis polana (Tephritidae) on bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata) in eastern Australia

Edwards

Adair²,

Holtkamp

et al. 2008

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…Aecidium metalasiae was considered to be likely one of a complex of Endophyllum species (Wood and Crous 2005), but aecidiospores have not so far been germinated. Recently, fresh specimens were collected, and the spores germinated at 15 and 20°C.…”

Section: Asteraceaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wood & Crous) or four (E. elytropappi A.R. Wood & Crous) modified vesicle-like basidiospores (Wood and Crous 2005).…”

Section: Asteraceaementioning

confidence: 99%

Additions to the rust fungi of South Africa

Berndt

Wood

2011

Mycol Progress

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This paper presents new species, combinations, national reports and host records for the South African rust fungi (Uredinales/Pucciniales). Endophyllum mpenjatiense on cf. Hibiscus sp. (Malvaceae), Phakopsora combretorum (anamorph Uredo combreticola) on the new host Combretum apiculatum (Combretaceae) and Uredo sekhukhunensis on Ziziphus mucronata (Rhamnaceae) are described as new species. Dietelia cardiospermi and E. metalasiae are proposed as new combinations to replace Aecidium cardiospermi on Cardiospermum halicacabum (Sapindaceae) and A. metalasiae on Metalasia spp. (Asteraceae), respectively. Four species are new records for South Africa: Crossopsora antidesmae-dioicae on Antidesma venosum (Euphorbiaceae), Phakopsora ziziphi-vulgaris on Z. mucronata, and Uromyces cypericola and Puccinia subcoronata, both on a new host, Cyperus albostriatus (Cyperaceae). The record of P. subcoronata is the first one from outside the New World. Puccinia scirpi is reported as a possible addition to the South African rust fungi. New host records and observations are presented for Pucciniastrum agrimoniae that is recorded on two new host genera and species, Cliffortia odorata and Leucosidea sericea (Rosaceae), Uromyces cypericola whose urediniospores are described for the first time, Phakopsora stratosa in that spermogonia and Uredo-like aecia were discovered, and for Sphaerophragmium dalbergiae in that characters of the urediniospores are re-evaluated. A lectotype is selected for Aecidium garckeanum and spermogonia are reported for this rust for the first time. The rust fungi of Ehrharta (Poaceae) are discussed and critically evaluated in the light of spore morphology and host species.

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“…It is very important that host specificity testing and risk assessment methodologies should both lead to prevention of the release of any organism that is likely to have detrimental impacts on non-target plants or on environment. Several approaches have been used to provide the required information for proper risk assessment including: quantifying the relative susceptibility of the target and non-target plant species [16]; microscopic and histological examination of infection events [17]; measuring relative plant damage [18]; morphological and molecular comparisons between foreign and indigenous organisms [19]; and epidemiology [20]. In two studies [10,21] it was shown that the Striga pathogenic strains Foxy 2 and PSM197 are nonpathogenic to all sorghum varieties tested and also to all other crops tested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium oxysporum Strains as Potential Striga Mycoherbicides: Molecular Characterization and Evidence for a new forma specialis

Elzein¹,

Brändle²,

Cadisch³

et al. 2008

TOMYCJ

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Fusarium oxysporum isolates (Foxy 2 and PSM197) are potential, highly host specific mycoherbicides for the control of the parasitic weeds Striga hermonthica and S. asiatica. Their target weeds, Striga spp., are major biotic constraints in cereal and legume production in semi-arid tropical Africa, where they adversely affect livelihood of millions of subsistence farmers. The aim of this study was to characterize and sequence the Striga mycoherbicides Foxy 2 & PSM197 in order to more clearly distinguish them from other morphologically similar pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strains. The fungal isolates were cultivated on PDA medium and characterized based on the analysis of partial DNA sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene. Both isolates were identical in their ITSsequence. The unique and identical ITS-sequence of the two isolates obtained, compared to the sequences of Fusarium oxysporum forma speciales deposited in GenBank along with the host specificity to Striga demonstrated in previous studies, provides strong evidence to propose these pathogens of Striga as a new forma specialis (f. sp. strigae). The possibility to clearly distinguish between the new forma specialis and all pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strains sequenced so far will facilitate and encourage the acceptance and introduction of Striga-mycoherbicides for practical field application by regulatory authorities and farmers.

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Morphological and molecular characterization of Endophyllum species on perennial asteraceous plants in South Africa

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Impact of the biological control agent Mesoclanis polana (Tephritidae) on bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata) in eastern Australia

Impact of the biological control agent Mesoclanis polana (Tephritidae) on bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata) in eastern Australia

Additions to the rust fungi of South Africa

Fusarium oxysporum Strains as Potential Striga Mycoherbicides: Molecular Characterization and Evidence for a new forma specialis

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