Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Some Egyptian Six-Rowed Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Abstract

Barley production is essential in Egypt. In the present study, 15 different six-rowed Egyptian barley cultivars were studied. To differentiate between the different cultivars under study in terms of morphological characteristics and ISSR, molecular characterization reactions were carried out. Moreover, four cultivars (Giza 123, Giza 126, Giza 136, and Giza 138) were selected for further studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Computational analysis of the DNA barcoding sequences of the two plastid markers rbcL and matK was executed, and the results were deposited in the NCBI database. The morphological traits showed low statistical significance among the different cultivars under study via the data collected from two seasons, suggesting that the mean field performance of these Egyptian cultivars may be equal under these conditions. The results showed that the phylogenetic tree was divided into four groups, one of which contained the most closely related genotypes in the genetic distance, including Giza 124, Giza 130, Giza 138, Giza 136, and Giza 137, which converge in the indicative uses of farmers. The seed coat of the studied cultivars was “rugose”. The elevation folding of the rugose pattern ranged from 11 ± 1.73 µm (Giza 126) to 14.67 ± 2.43 µm (Giza 123), suggesting variation in seed quality and its uses in feed and the food industry. According to the similarity matrix of ISSR analysis, the highest similarity value (93%) was recorded between Giza 133 and Giza 132, as well as between Giza 2000 and Giza 126. On the other hand, the lowest similarity value (80%) was recorded between Giza 130 and (Giza 133 and Giza 132), indicating that these cultivars were distantly related. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.26 for the primer ISSR UBC 835 to 0.37 for the primers ISSR UBC 814 and ISSR UBC 840. The current study showed that the matK gene is more mutable than the rbcL gene among the tested cultivars.

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Using Phenological, Molecular and DNA Barcoding Markers

“…In the present study, the recorded amplicons were shorter (approximately 600 and 900 bp for rbcL and matK, respectively), allowing for effective sequencing even though many authors deny the region as a barcode if it is longer than 1000 bp due to difficulties in bi-directional sequencing [87]. Our findings agreed with those of Mohamed et al [94], who concluded that the matK gene is more flexible than the rbcL gene among Egyptian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars, and the documented size of the matK region's PCR product was 900 bp, whereas the rbcL region was 600 bp.…”

Phenotypic and genotypic diversity analysis of some Egyptian barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) under different heat stress conditions

“…The comparison information of genetic diversity and phenotypic evaluations one of important factors to understand and investigate in germplasm collections or breeding material helps the breeders to plan their programs for specific environments using targeted traits and molecular markers (Mohamed, et al, 2021, Mariey et al, 2022Mariey et al, 2023) They reported that both PCA and heatmap cluster analysis had used successfully in understanding the information of phenotypic evaluations and genetic diversity of the barley genotypes as an important factors using to helps the breeders to but good plan for their programs for specific environments using targeted traits and molecular markers.…”

“…The association between molecular markers and phenotypic evaluation remains one of significant aspects to examine the genetic role of tolerance by guess the genomic regions that touch plant's response will be useful as a comprehensive evaluation in breeding programs for environmental stress (Mohamed, et al, 2021;Mariey et al, 2022Mariey et al, & 2023.…”

Agro-morphological, biochemical, and molecular markers of barley genotypes grown under salinity stress conditions

“…Due to the accumulation of sodium ions, which promote the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like the hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide, salinity causes osmotic stress and ionic toxicity [ 12 ]. This causes oxidative stress, which damages mitochondria, chloroplasts, the functional structure of cells, biomolecules including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, etc., leading to lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation, and DNA mutation in plant cells [ 13 , 14 ]. Therefore, plants can produce antioxidants to scavenge ROS [ 15 ].…”