Morphological and molecular characteristics of a new species of Pasteuria parasitic on Meloidogyne ardenensis

Bishop, Alistair H.; Gowen, S. R.; Pembroke, Barbara; Trotter, James R.

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2007.02.008

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The occurrence and significance of interspecies gene polymorphisms were also examined between P. penetrans and two other species of Pasteuria, namely, Pasteuria hartismeri, a parasite of the ash parasitic nematode Meloidogyne ardenensis (7), and the Daphnia endoparasite P. ramosa (24). The results from these analyses are summarized in Table S5a to c in the supplemental material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…from around the globe, but there is very little understanding of the genetic variation between and within populations. Previous studies have focused on the position of P. penetrans in the bacterial kingdom (9, 31, 34) and the use of consensus 16S rRNA gene sequences (6,7,18) to differentiate between species and populations of Pasteuria (5, 16, 33). However, this information has not been extensively supported with sequence data from protein-encoding genes, which potentially provide an additional source of discrimination, with the exception of one study examining partial coding sequences of some genes in P. ramosa populations (32), as well as a recent study of genes encoding collagen-like proteins in this species (22a).…”

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Identification of New Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-Based Markers for Inter- and Intraspecies Discrimination of Obligate Bacterial Parasites (Pasteuria spp.) of Invertebrates

Mauchline

Knox

Mohan

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Protein-encoding and 16S rRNA genes of Pasteuria penetrans populations from a wide range of geographic locations were examined. Most interpopulation single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in the 16S rRNA gene. However, in order to fully resolve all populations, these were supplemented with SNPs from protein-encoding genes in a multilocus SNP typing approach. Examination of individual 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed the occurrence of "cryptic" SNPs which were not present in the consensus sequences of any P. penetrans population. Additionally, hierarchical cluster analysis separated P. penetrans 16S rRNA gene clones into four groups, and one of which contained sequences from the most highly passaged population, demonstrating that it is possible to manipulate the population structure of this fastidious bacterium. The other groups were made from representatives of the other populations in various proportions. Comparison of sequences among three Pasteuria species, namely, P. penetrans, P. hartismeri, and P. ramosa, showed that the protein-encoding genes provided greater discrimination than the 16S rRNA gene. From these findings, we have developed a toolbox for the discrimination of Pasteuria at both the inter-and intraspecies levels. We also provide a model to monitor genetic variation in other obligate hyperparasites and difficult-to-culture microorganisms.The genus Pasteuria, a group of endospore-producing Grampositive bacteria, belongs to the Bacillus-Clostridium clade (9). Of those characterized, all are parasites of free-living and plant parasitic nematodes, with the exception of Pasteuria ramosa (24), a parasite of the water flea (Cladocera, Daphnia spp.).Pasteuria penetrans is an obligate parasite of plant parasitic nematodes belonging to Meloidogyne spp., which are responsible worldwide for more than $100 billion worth of annual crop damage (30). Populations, defined here as collections of endospores obtained from field isolates of particular host female nematodes in distinct geographic locations, have been isolated from Meloidogyne spp. from around the globe, but there is very little understanding of the genetic variation between and within populations. Previous studies have focused on the position of P. penetrans in the bacterial kingdom (9, 31, 34) and the use of consensus 16S rRNA gene sequences (6,7,18) to differentiate between species and populations of Pasteuria (5, 16, 33). However, this information has not been extensively supported with sequence data from protein-encoding genes, which potentially provide an additional source of discrimination, with the exception of one study examining partial coding sequences of some genes in P. ramosa populations (32), as well as a recent study of genes encoding collagen-like proteins in this species (22a).Geographically distinct populations of P. penetrans display various degrees of host specificity (11) through mechanisms that are not fully understood. It has been shown that cuticle heterogeneity, as exhibited by endospore attachment, is not linked...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Identification of New Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-Based Markers for Inter- and Intraspecies Discrimination of Obligate Bacterial Parasites (Pasteuria spp.) of Invertebrates

Mauchline

Knox

Mohan

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…All Pasteuria species described so far are obligate parasites of invertebrates, including plant parasitic nematodes and planktonic freshwater crustaceans of the genus Daphnia, and none have been grown in vitro. Five species have been recognized: P. ramosa (which parasitizes cladoceran water-fleas), P. hartismeri, P. penetrans, P. thorney and P. nishizawae (parasitizing plant pathogenic nematodes) based on their host range, morphology and 16S rRNA signatures (Bishop et al, 2007(Bishop et al, , 2011. Since vegetative forms of P. nishizawae (and of any other nematode-parasitic Pasteuria spp.)…”

Section: Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Statement on the update of the list of QPS‐recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 3: Suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until September 2015

2015

EFS2

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EFSA was requested to assess the safety of a broad range of biological agents in the context of notifications for market authorisation as sources of food and feed additives, enzymes and plant protection products. The qualified presumption of safety (QPS) assessment was developed to provide a harmonised generic pre‐assessment to support safety risk assessments performed by EFSA's scientific Panels. The safety of unambiguously defined biological agents (at the highest taxonomic unit appropriate for the purpose for which an application is intended), and the completeness of the body of knowledge was assessed. Safety concerns identified for a taxonomic unit are, where possible and reasonable in number, reflected as ‘qualifications’ in connection with a recommendation for a QPS status. A total of 49 biological agents were notified to EFSA between March and September 2015. From these, 24 biological agents already had a QPS status and did not require further evaluation, and 16 were not included as they are filamentous fungi or enterococci, biological groups which have been excluded from the QPS activities since 2014. Three notifications for Streptomyces were not included because the genus have already been evaluated in the previous statement of December 2014 and found unsuitable for QPS. Two notifications belonging to the species Escherichia coli were not evaluated for QPS status, because this species was recently re‐assessed and considered not suitable for QPS status. Therefore, there were four notifications related to four taxonomic units that were evaluated for QPS status. Pasteuria nishizawae may be recommended for the QPS status to be used in plant protection products to combat cyst nematodiasis. The other three units were not recommended for the QPS list: gen. nov. sp. nov. DSM 11798 of the Coriobacteriaceae family, Chromobacterium subtsugaeand Pseudomonas chlororaphis.

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“…This ring also binds tightly to the cuticle of the nematode and it could be hypothesized that this seals degradative enzymes from the bacterium, facilitating penetration. Somewhat to contradict this idea, however, species such as "P. hartismeri" (Bishop et al 2007) (Figs. 9.4 and 9.6) and P. nishizawae (Sayre et al 1991) lack any ring on the ventral side of the spore.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9.4 and 9.6) and P. nishizawae (Sayre et al 1991) lack any ring on the ventral side of the spore. This ring could be a later evolutionary development because such species occur prior to P. penetrans in phylogenetic history (Sturhan et al 2005;Bishop et al 2007). Paradoxically, although the torus can bind strongly to the nematode cuticle its composition is different from the perisporal fibres because chemical treatments that dissolve the latter leave the former visibly intact (Vaid et al 2002).…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pasteuria penetrans and Its Parasitic Interaction with Plant Parasitic Nematodes

Bishop

2011

Soil Biology

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Until quite recently, bacteriology has been the study of culturable organisms. The proportion of unculturable bacteria in the soil is commonly put at over 99% (Sharma et al. 2005). The ecology of many of these will be very difficult to discover (Nannipieri et al. 2003;Riesenfeld et al. 2004) but this is not the case for one extraordinary group of non-culturable, aerobic, spore-forming bacteria: members of the genus Pasteuria. The composite species are exclusively obligate parasites of either water fleas or plant parasitic nematodes. These represent the two lineages of the different species of Pasteuria. This chapter predominantly focuses on the nematode parasites because of their residence in soil.The first time that the characteristic spores of this genus were represented in publication were as drawings by Metchnikoff (1888) of what is now called Pasteuria ramosa (Ebert et al. 1996), the parasite of the water fleas Daphnia magna and D. pulex. This is now the type species of the genus Pasteuria and was recognized by Metchnikoff (1888) as an endospore-forming bacterium. A Pasteuria sp. was first reported in a nematode (Dorylaimus bulbiferous), by Cobb (1906), and the suggestion was made that it should be classified as a protozoan. In keeping with this suggestion the nematode parasite was later named Duboscqia penetrans by Thorne (1940) and placed in the family Microsporidiae.Until quite recently, developments in taxonomy were based solely upon observations and measurements made from electron micrographs. Mankau (1975) noted that the parasite of the root knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne javanica divided with the formation of cross walls reminiscent of bacteria, and that it formed spores similar to those of known endospore-formers. He suggested the adoption of a position within the eubacteria with the name Bacillus penetrans n. comb. In spite of the outlandish appearance of the highly differentiated vegetative phase (Fig. 9.1)

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Morphological and molecular characteristics of a new species of Pasteuria parasitic on Meloidogyne ardenensis

Cited by 40 publications

References 18 publications

Identification of New Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-Based Markers for Inter- and Intraspecies Discrimination of Obligate Bacterial Parasites (Pasteuria spp.) of Invertebrates

Identification of New Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-Based Markers for Inter- and Intraspecies Discrimination of Obligate Bacterial Parasites (Pasteuria spp.) of Invertebrates

Statement on the update of the list of QPS‐recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 3: Suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until September 2015

Pasteuria penetrans and Its Parasitic Interaction with Plant Parasitic Nematodes

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