Morphological and kinematic evolution of a large earthflow: The Montaguto landslide, southern Italy

Giordan, Daniele; Allasia, Paolo; Manconi, Andrea; Baldo, Marco; Santangelo, Michele; Cardinali, Mauro; Corazza, Angelo; Albanese, Vincenzo; Lollino, Giorgio; Guzzetti, Fausto

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.12.035

Cited by 106 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…One potential scenario involves a decrease in the characteristic slip distance d c for the evolution of frictional contacts as a result of shear localization (35,37), which in turn decreases h * relative to L. Alternatively, we hypothesize that the spatial dimensions of the landslide, or slip patch, may evolve in time until L > h * . Landslides tend to grow until they span from hilltops to channel bottoms (16,37,38). Furthermore, landslides can display distinct kinematic elements that are defined empirically by differences in the timing of motion along the landslide body (39).…”

Section: Discussion and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate-weakening friction characterizes both slow sliding and catastrophic failure of landslides

Handwerger

Rempel

Skarbek

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Catastrophic landslides cause billions of dollars in damages and claim thousands of lives annually, whereas slow-moving landslides with negligible inertia dominate sediment transport on many weathered hillslopes. Surprisingly, both failure modes are displayed by nearby landslides (and individual landslides in different years) subjected to almost identical environmental conditions. Such observations have motivated the search for mechanisms that can cause slow-moving landslides to transition via runaway acceleration to catastrophic failure. A similarly diverse range of sliding behavior, including earthquakes and slow-slip events, occurs along tectonic faults. Our understanding of these phenomena has benefitted from mechanical treatments that rely upon key ingredients that are notably absent from previous landslide descriptions. Here, we describe landslide motion using a rate-and state-dependent frictional model that incorporates a nonlocal stress balance to account for the elastic response to gradients in slip. Our idealized, one-dimensional model reproduces both the displacement patterns observed in slowmoving landslides and the acceleration toward failure exhibited by catastrophic events. Catastrophic failure occurs only when the slip surface is characterized by rate-weakening friction and its lateral dimensions exceed a critical nucleation length h * that is shorter for higher effective stresses. However, landslides that are extensive enough to fall within this regime can nevertheless slide slowly for months or years before catastrophic failure. Our results suggest that the diversity of slip behavior observed during landslides can be described with a single model adapted from standard fault mechanics treatments.landslides | slope failure | rate and state friction | pore-water pressure | effective stress L aboratory experiments (1, 2) and numerical models (3,4) suggest that for slow-moving landslides that persist over periods of years to centuries (5) the shear strength that resists motion increases with slip rate-a characteristic referred to as rate strengthening-whereas the opposite is true for landslides that exhibit runaway acceleration and catastrophic failure. Two primary mechanisms are invoked frequently to describe the former rate-strengthening behavior. The first characterizes landslide materials as viscoplastic (i.e., Bingham-plastic), so that an increase in velocity corresponds with an increase in strain rate and viscous resistance. These models are able to reproduce field-based measurements of velocity for seasonally active slow-moving landslides (3). However, this constitutive behavior contradicts measurements that suggest landslide displacement is dominated by frictional sliding along basal and lateral faults (6); furthermore, such rheological models are unable to capture the transition from slow sliding to catastrophic failure. The second modeling approach applies Coulomb friction and invokes shear-zone dilatancy to regulate porewater pressure changes so that sliding increases strength because of ...

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Section: Discussion and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate-weakening friction characterizes both slow sliding and catastrophic failure of landslides

Handwerger

Rempel

Skarbek

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The identification and mapping of landslides can be organized into landslide event maps. Landslide event mapping is a wellknown activity obtained through field surveys (Yoon et al, 2012;Santangelo et al, 2010), visual interpretation of aerial or satellite images (Brardinoni et al, 2003;Ardizzone et al, 2013) and combined analysis of lidar DTM and images (Van Den Eeckhaut et al, 2007;Haneberg et al, 2008;Giordan et al, 2013;Razak et al, 2013;Niculiţa, 2016). The use of RPASs for the identification and mapping of a landslide has been described by several authors (Niethammer et al, , 2010(Niethammer et al, , 2011Rau et al, 2011;Carvajal et al, 2011;Travelletti et al, 2012;Torrero et al, 2015;Casagli et al, 2017).…”

Section: Landslide Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comparison of digital surface models can be used for the definition of volumetric changes caused by the evolution of the studied landslide. The acquisition of these digital models can be done with terrestrial laser scanners (Baldo et al, 2009) or airborne lidar (Giordan et al, 2013). Westoby et al (2012) emphasized the advantages of RPASs concerning terrestrial laser scanners, which can suffer from line-of-sight issues, and airborne lidar, which are often cost-prohibitive for individual landslide studies.…”

Section: Landslide Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review article: the use of remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPASs) for natural hazards monitoring and management

Giordan

Hayakawa

Nex

et al. 2018

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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140

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Abstract. The number of scientific studies that consider possible applications of remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPASs) for the management of natural hazards effects and the identification of occurred damages strongly increased in the last decade. Nowadays, in the scientific community, the use of these systems is not a novelty, but a deeper analysis of the literature shows a lack of codified complex methodologies that can be used not only for scientific experiments but also for normal codified emergency operations. RPASs can acquire on-demand ultra-high-resolution images that can be used for the identification of active processes such as landslides or volcanic activities but can also define the effects of earthquakes, wildfires and floods. In this paper, we present a review of published literature that describes experimental methodologies developed for the study and monitoring of natural hazards. IntroductionIn the last three decades, the number of natural disasters showed a positive trend with an increase in the number of affected populations. Disasters not only affected the poor and characteristically more vulnerable countries but also those thought to be better protected. The Annual Disaster Statistical Review describes recent impacts of natural disasters on the population and reports 342 naturally triggered disasters in 2016 (Guha-Sapir et al., 2017). This is less than the annual average disaster frequency observed from 2006 to 2015 (376.4 events). However, natural disasters are still responsible for a high number of casualties (8733 death). In the period 2006-2015, the average number of causalities caused annually by natural disasters is 69 827. In 2016, hydrological disasters (177) had the largest share in natural disaster occurrence (51.8 %), followed by meteorological disasters (96; 28.1 %), climatological disasters (38; 11.1 %) and geophysical disasters (31; 9.1 %) (Guha-Sapir et al., 2017). To face these disasters, one of the most important solutions is the use of systems able to provide an adequate level of information for correctly understanding these events and their evolution. In this context, surveying and monitoring natural hazards gained importance. In particular, during the emergency phase it is very important to evaluate and control the phenomenon of evolution, preferably operating in near real time or real time, and consequently, use this information for a better risk assessment scenario. The available acquired data must be processed rapidly to support the emergency services and decision makers.Recently, the use of remote sensing (satellite and airborne platform) in the field of natural hazards and disasters has become common, also supported by the increase in geospatial technologies and the ability to provide and process up-to-date imagery (Joyce et al., 2009;Tarolli, 2014). Remotely sensed data play an integral role in predicting hazard events such as floods and landslides, subsidence events and other ground instabilities. Because of their acquisition mode and capabilPublished by Copern...

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“…Accurate detection of individual landslides has different scopes, including landslide mapping (Di Maio and Vassallo, 2011;Manconi et al, 2014;Plank et al, 2016), landslide hazard analysis and risk assessment , to support the installation of landslide monitoring systems (Tarchi et al, 2003;Teza et al, 2007;Monserrat and Crosetto, 2008;Giordan et al, 2013), and for landslide geotechnical characterization and modelling (Gokceoglu et al, 2005;Rosi et al, 2013). Mapping of individual landslides can be executed using the same techniques and tools commonly used by geomorphologists to prepare landslide inventory maps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criteria for the optimal selection of remote sensing optical images to map event landslides

Fiorucci

Giordan

Santangelo

et al. 2018

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Landslides leave discernible signs on the land surface, most of which can be captured in remote sensing images. Trained geomorphologists analyse remote sensing images and map landslides through heuristic interpretation of photographic and morphological characteristics. Despite a wide use of remote sensing images for landslide mapping, no attempt to evaluate how the image characteristics influence landslide identification and mapping exists. This paper presents an experiment to determine the effects of optical image characteristics, such as spatial resolution, spectral content and image type (monoscopic or stereoscopic), on landslide mapping. We considered eight maps of the same landslide in central Italy: (i) six maps obtained through expert heuristic visual interpretation of remote sensing images, (ii) one map through a reconnaissance field survey, and (iii) one map obtained through a real-time kinematic (RTK) differential global positioning system (dGPS) survey, which served as a benchmark. The eight maps were compared pairwise and to a benchmark. The mismatch between each map pair was quantified by the error index, E. Results show that the map closest to the benchmark delineation of the landslide was obtained using the higher resolution image, where the landslide signature was primarily photographical (in the landslide source and transport area). Conversely, where the landslide signature was mainly morphological (in the landslide deposit) the best mapping result was obtained using the stereoscopic images. Albeit conducted on a single landslide, the experiment results are general, and provide useful information to decide on the optimal imagery for the production of event, seasonal and multi-temporal landslide inventory maps.

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Morphological and kinematic evolution of a large earthflow: The Montaguto landslide, southern Italy

Cited by 106 publications

References 77 publications

Rate-weakening friction characterizes both slow sliding and catastrophic failure of landslides

Rate-weakening friction characterizes both slow sliding and catastrophic failure of landslides

Review article: the use of remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPASs) for natural hazards monitoring and management

Criteria for the optimal selection of remote sensing optical images to map event landslides

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