Morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of spontaneous distemper infection in the brains of red foxes in Serbia

Aničić, M.; Juntes, Polona; Vasković, Nikola; Nešić, Slađan; Vučićević, Ivana; Aleksić-Kovačević, Sanja; Marinković, Darko

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.10.135

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Analysis of CDV cell tropism via immunofluorescence dual labelling showed that Iba1 + microglia/macrophages was the predominant CDV-infected cell type in the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem of foxes. In other studies in dogs und foxes, neurons and/or astrocytes have been reported to be the primary target cells for CDV infection in the CNS 36 , 37 , 39 , 85 , 88 , 89 . Unfortunately, many studies on CDV-infected foxes do not differentiate between different types of glial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Unfortunately, many studies on CDV-infected foxes do not differentiate between different types of glial cells. Some authors describe only limited infection of glial cells 35 , 39 , while others report these to be the main target cells 37 , 40 . Interestingly, a study on strains closely related to the sub-lineage 2 strains reported only a small number of infected glial cells, even though other findings were complementary to the present study 39 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ) are suspected to transmit the virus to other species due to their roaming behavior and increasing encroachment upon human settlements 27 , 42 . The seroprevalence of CDV in European foxes is estimated to be 36.8% 29 , 37 , 42 . In recent years, several outbreaks of distemper have been reported in Europe with an estimated mortality rate of 50% 29 , 31 – 33 , 37 , 39 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The seroprevalence of CDV in European foxes is estimated to be 36.8% 29 , 37 , 42 . In recent years, several outbreaks of distemper have been reported in Europe with an estimated mortality rate of 50% 29 , 31 – 33 , 37 , 39 . Large numbers of carnivores in Germany have either been found dead or shot due to abnormal behavior with associated neurological clinical signs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuropathologic and molecular aspects of a canine distemper epizootic in red foxes in Germany

Geiselhardt

Peters

Kleinschmidt

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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In the last fifteen years, an epidemic of canine distemper virus (CDV) with marked neurotropism has occurred in Europe after a longer period of endemic transmission. Many wildlife species have been infected, with red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) being particularly affected. Given that this species is assumed to mediate cross-species CDV infections to domestic and wild animals, tissue samples from foxes with confirmed CDV infection in North-Western Germany were investigated to better understand the neurotropic aspects of the disease. This analysis included histopathology, virus distribution and cell tropism, phenotyping of inflammatory responses and determination of the genotype of the viruses based on the phylogeny of the hemagglutinin (H) gene. The predominant lesion type is gliosis in both gray and white matter areas associated with an accumulation of Iba1+ macrophages/microglia and upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules in the brain, while sequestration of CD3+ T and Pax5+ B cell in CDV-infected foxes is limited. Demyelination is found in few foxes, characterized by reduced myelin staining with loss of CNPase+ oligodendrocytes in the cerebellar white matter and brainstem. In addition, axonal damage, characterized by β-amyloid precursor protein expression, is found mainly in these brain regions. In situ hybridization reveals a primary infection of the cerebral and cerebellar gray matter and brain stem. Iba1+ cells and NeuN+ neurons represent the main CDV targets. Sequencing of the CDV H open reading frame from fox tissues reveals that the virus strains belongs to three different sub-lineages of the Europe-1/South America-1 genotype, suggesting independent transmission lines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Neuropathologic and molecular aspects of a canine distemper epizootic in red foxes in Germany

Geiselhardt

Peters

Kleinschmidt

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…On the other hand, astrocytes, which play a significant role in the formation of the blood-brain barrier [35], were the other cell type that reacted to a natural infection with CDV in all the badgers, although they were found in a lower quantity than that of the microglia. Several studies in wild carnivores and domestic dogs concluded that the astrocytes were the main cell population infected by CDV [10,12,21,24,[36][37][38][39] at the early stages of CDV infection [40]. These cells, once infected with CDV, react with changes, including hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and changes in their protein expression profile [19,36,[41][42][43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Characterization of Encephalitis in the BRAINS of Badgers Naturally Infected with Canine Distemper Virus

Espinoza,

García Iglesias,

Oleaga

et al. 2023

Animals

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Canine distemper virus (CDV) affects a huge diversity of domestic and wild carnivores, with increasing numbers of mortality events worldwide. The local cell-mediated immune response elicited against a natural infection is an important factor in determining the outcome of CDV infection. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to describe the local immune response within the central nervous systems (CNSs) of seven badgers naturally infected with CDV in Asturias (Atlantic Spain) and to determine the phenotype and distribution of microglial cells, T and B lymphocytes, and astrocytes in the foci of gliosis located in the thalamus and cerebellum using immunohistochemistry. The immunohistochemical assessment demonstrated the presence of Iba1-positive microglia and GFAP-positive astrocytes in the foci of gliosis, whereas T (CD3-negative) or B (CD20-negative) lymphocytes in those same lesions were absent. Our results also revealed that the badgers with natural CDV encephalitis presented lesions mostly located in the white matter of the thalamus and cerebellum, suggesting a CDV-specific tropism for the white matter of badger brains in those locations. The knowledge gained in the field of the immunopathogenesis of distemper disease affecting the CNSs of badgers could help to clarify CDV disease patterns in this species.

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Morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of spontaneous distemper infection in the brains of red foxes in Serbia

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Neuropathologic and molecular aspects of a canine distemper epizootic in red foxes in Germany

Neuropathologic and molecular aspects of a canine distemper epizootic in red foxes in Germany

Phenotypic Characterization of Encephalitis in the BRAINS of Badgers Naturally Infected with Canine Distemper Virus

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