Morphological and genetic variation in Japanese populations of the anemonefish Amphiprion clarkii

Bell, Lori J.; Moyer, Jack T.; Numachi, Ken-ichi

doi:10.1007/bf00396909

Cited by 89 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…data) indicated that the rapid development of swimming ability observed in A. melanopus may be common to other anemonefish species. These findings are consistent with the observation that there appears to be a high degree of genetic differentiation between some populations of anemonefish, an indication of limited dispersal (Bell et al 1982). Job & Bellwood (2000) suggest that the precocious development in anemonefishes may be related to low post-settlement mortality rates and the need for well-developed sensory systems rather than size at settlement.…”

Section: Implications For Dispersalsupporting

confidence: 90%

Development of swimming abilities in reef fish larvae

Fisher¹,

Bellwood²,

Job³

2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

219

189

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Recent studies have revealed that reef fish larvae have excellent sustained swimming capabilities and considerable potential for modifying their dispersal patterns by active swimming. However, these studies concentrate solely on the late pelagic phase. We examined the development of swimming abilities from hatching through to settlement in 3 reef fish species (Pomacentrus amboinensis, Sphaeramia nematoptera, Amphiprion melanopus). Larval rearing provided larvae at all stages of development. Experiments were conducted in flow chambers designed for measuring the critical and sustained swimming capability of young larvae. In all 3 species, critical swimming ability increased steadily with age, size, relative propulsive area and developmental stage of the larvae. In contrast, sustained swimming ability showed a marked inflection during development. Differences among species throughout development appear to reflect variations in the developmental patterns of the 3 species. Propulsive area was highly correlated with swimming ability and may prove useful for estimating swimming capabilities among species. The results suggest that some species have the potential to actively modify their dispersal patterns from an early age.

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Section: Implications For Dispersalsupporting

confidence: 90%

Development of swimming abilities in reef fish larvae

Fisher¹,

Bellwood²,

Job³

2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

219

189

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show abstract

“…This seems particularly true for the Amphiprioninae, which, given their precocial development, certainly have the behavioural abilities for an active mechanism of self-recruitment. This may largely account for the high degree of genetic differentiation apparent in this group (Bell et al 1982). However, the behaviour of species with planktonic eggs may have less influence on dispersal compared to demersal spawning taxa because they tend to be smaller and less well developed at hatching, and have a longer pelagic larval phase (Thresher 1991).…”

Section: Implications Of Larval Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 97%

Undisturbed swimming behaviour and nocturnal activity of coral reef fish larvae

Fisher¹,

Bellwood²

2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Larval dispersal is shaped by the interaction between oceanographic processes and larval behaviour. To evaluate the potential impact of larval behaviour on this process, we quantified the undisturbed swimming speeds and nocturnal swimming activity of 5 reef fish species throughout their larval phase. We used video techniques to obtain undisturbed observations of swimming behaviour in captive bred larvae. The results conclusively demonstrate that larvae maintain relatively high swimming speeds throughout development. Speeds were consistent among 3 anemonefish species (Amphiprioninae; Amphiprion melanopus, A. percula and Premnas biaculeatus), which swam an average of 3.9 and a maximum of 8.4 body lengths (bl) s -1 . However, differences may exist among taxa in the undisturbed swimming speeds of larvae. Highest speeds were recorded in the damselfish Pomacentrus amboinensis (Pomacentridae) and the slowest speeds in the cardinalfish Sphaeramia nematoptera (Apogonidae). The results support short-duration experimental and in situ evidence of high sustained swimming speeds. However, it is striking that larvae routinely swim at such speeds without external stimuli. The proportion of time larvae spent swimming at night increased rapidly towards the end of the larval phase in all 5 species examined. In addition, the undisturbed swimming speeds of larvae were significantly greater at night than during the day. Patterns of nocturnal activity appear to relate to the active nocturnal settlement behaviour of larvae. The pattern of swimming, and speeds achieved, suggest that an active behavioural mechanism for self-recruitment is well within the capabilities of the reef fish larvae examined. KEY WORDS: Reef fish larvae · Larval behaviour · Swimming activityResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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“…Some species of angelfishes, butterflyfishes and damselfishes are known to exhibit color differences in the absence of molecular divergence (Bell et al 1982;McMillan et al 1999;Bernardi et al 2002;Bowen et al 2006;Schultz et al 2007), but in some cases, concordance between coloration and genetic divergence can also be found (Rocha 2004;Drew et al 2010). The color pattern is probably the most studied phenotypic trait in phylogeographic studies testing the presence of possible incipient speciation of coral reef fishes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Genetic Divergences in a Coral Reef Damselfish, Pomacentrus coelestis

2012

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Population differentiation is one of the main topics in evolutionary biology. Except the exploration of color variation, few studies focused on morphological divergences among populations of coral reef fishes. In this work, we studied morphological and genetic differentiation among populations of the damselfish, Pomacentrus coelestis, in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The shapes of the mandible and the premaxilla were explored using geometric morphometric methods and the genetic structure was investigated using microsattelites. Various tests revealed significant shape variation among most P. coelestis populations for both skeletal units. Morphological variation of the mandible accompanies a genetic break between populations of mainland Japan and Okinawa-Taiwan. However, Mantel and Procrustes tests revealed no congruence between morphological and genetic structures. We illustrate that phenotypic plasticity and adaptive divergence are potential evolutionary mechanisms underlying shape difference among P. coelestis populations. An ecomorphological approach suggests that various diet could be related to shape variation of oral jaws.

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Morphological and genetic variation in Japanese populations of the anemonefish Amphiprion clarkii

Cited by 89 publications

References 31 publications

Development of swimming abilities in reef fish larvae

Development of swimming abilities in reef fish larvae

Undisturbed swimming behaviour and nocturnal activity of coral reef fish larvae

Morphological and Genetic Divergences in a Coral Reef Damselfish, Pomacentrus coelestis

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