Morphological and functional retinal impairment in Alzheimer's disease patients

Parisi, Vincenzo; Restuccia, Rita; Fattapposta, Francesco; Mina, Concetta; Bucci, Massimo G.; Pierelli, Francesco

doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(01)00620-4

Cited by 407 publications

(496 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Later noninvasive studies of RNFL and ONH using scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) [42], and time-domain OCT (TD-OCT) studies confirmed the reduction in peripapillary RNFL thickness [40,[43][44][45][46][47]. In addition, invivo studies have shown reduced macular thickness and volume in patients with AD [44,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54].…”

Section: Pathological Changes In the Retina And Optic Nervementioning

confidence: 91%

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Alzheimer’s disease: A review of its visual system neuropathology. Optical coherence tomography—a potential role as a study tool in vivo

Cunha

Moura-Coelho

Proença

et al. 2016

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent, long-term progressive degenerative disorder with great social impact. It is currently thought that, in addition to neurodegeneration, vascular changes also play a role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Visual symptoms are frequent and are an early clinical manifestation; a number of psychophysiologic changes occur in visual function, including visual field defects, abnormal contrast sensitivity, abnormalities in color vision, depth perception deficits, and motion detection abnormalities. These visual changes were initially believed to be solely due to neurodegeneration in the posterior visual pathway. However, evidence from pathology studies in both animal models of AD and humans has demonstrated that neurodegeneration also takes place in the anterior visual pathway, with involvement of the retinal ganglion cells' (RGCs) dendrites, somata, and axons in the optic nerve. These studies additionally showed that patients with AD have changes in retinal and choroidal microvasculature. Pathology findings have been corroborated in in-vivo assessment of the retina and optic nerve head (ONH), as well as the retinal and choroidal vasculature. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in particular has shown great utility in the assessment of these changes, and it may become a useful tool for early detection and monitoring disease progression in AD. The authors make a review of the current understanding of retinal and choroidal pathological changes in patients with AD, with particular focus on invivo evidence of retinal and choroidal neurodegenerative and microvascular changes using OCT technology.

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Section: Pathological Changes In the Retina And Optic Nervementioning

confidence: 91%

“…TD-OCT has been the most widely employed ocular imaging technique for assessment of optic nerve degeneration in AD [43][44][45][46][47], as well as for evaluating macular thinning in these patients [44].…”

Section: Pathological Changes In the Retina And Optic Nervementioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer’s disease: A review of its visual system neuropathology. Optical coherence tomography—a potential role as a study tool in vivo

Cunha

Moura-Coelho

Proença

et al. 2016

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…This region corresponds with the inferior visual field and these changes could explain the vision loss reported in this area in AD [48]. Other OCT studies have reported different patterns of RNFL loss (general, parapapillary and macular) [119,[135][136]. Iseri et al found macular thinning in AD to be related to the severity of cognitive impairment [136].…”

Section: (Figure 4)mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Parisi et al found RNFL thinning to be related to retinal dysfunction as revealed by abnormal pattern electroretinogram (PERG) responses [135]. Other studies have also found abnormal PERG responses in AD [137][138].…”

Section: (Figure 4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Biomarkers for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease

Frost

Martins

Kanagasingam

2010

JAD

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is characterized clinically by a progressive decline in memory, learning and executive function and neuropathologically by the presence of cerebral amyloid deposits. Despite a century of research, there is still no cure or conclusive pre-mortem diagnosis for the disease. A number of symptom-modifying drugs for AD have been developed, but their efficacy is minimal and short-lived. AD cognitive symptoms arise only after significant, irreversible neural deterioration has occurred, hence there is an urgent need to detect AD early, before the onset of cognitive symptoms. An accurate, early diagnostic test for AD would enable current and future treatments to be more effective, as well as contribute to the development of new treatments.While most AD related pathology occurs in the brain, the disease has also been reported to affect the eye, which is more accessible for imaging than the brain. AD-related proteins exist in the normal human eye and may produce ocular pathology in AD. There is some homology between the retinal and cerebral vasculatures and the retina also contains nerve cells and fibers that form a sensory extension of the brain. The eye is the only place in the body where vasculature or neural tissue is available for non-invasive optical imaging. This article presents a review of current literature on ocular morphology in AD and discusses the potential for an ocular based screening test for AD.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Acute optic neuritis (ON) is also a common feature of MS and it is the first clinical manifestation in~20% of patients affected by MS. 1,2 Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers a unique opportunity for sensitive monitoring of anatomical changes of axonal and neuronal loss. 7,8 The objective of this study was to report anatomical changes of the ganglion cell complex (GCC), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and macular volume in patients with MS. We also investigated the correlation between SD-OCT structural changes and functional changes in terms of visual acuity and macular sensitivity, investigated with visual fields (VFs) and microperimetry (MP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical and functional retinal changes in multiple sclerosis

Cennamo

Romano

Vecchio

et al. 2015

Eye

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Aims The aims of this study was to report anatomical changes of the ganglion cell complex (GCC), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and macular volume in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We also investigated the correlation between anatomical and functional changes in terms of visual acuity and macular sensitivity investigated and visual fields. Methods Prospective comparative study included 105 eyes of 53 consecutive patients. The patients were divided into two groups: group A included 56 eyes of 28 patients with diagnosis of MS; group B involved 49 eyes of 25 healthy patients. The examination included Goldmann tonometry, biomicroscopic and fundus oculi examination, retinography, GCC examination, circumpapillary RNFL (cpRNFL), and macular volume. The functional test included measurement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field, and MP. Results MS group showed a significant reduced GCC, cpRNFL, macular volume, BCVA, visual field, and macular sensitivity compared with the control group (Po0.001). This reduction was more representative (Po0.001) in patients with MS complicated by optic neuritis (ON). We found in the MS group a strong correlation between GCC thickness and macular volume (r 2 = 0.59, Po0.001) and also between GCC and RNFL thickness (r 2 = 0.48, Po0.001). There was also a correlation between macular sensitivity and macular volume reduction (r 2 = 0.25, Po0.001) and also between RNFL and macular volume (r 2 = 0.43, Po0.001). Conclusions The significant statistical evidence and the strong correlation between anatomical and functional parameters support the use of OCT and MP in the evaluation, treatment, and follow-up of patients diagnosed with MS.

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Morphological and functional retinal impairment in Alzheimer's disease patients

Cited by 407 publications

References 40 publications

Alzheimer’s disease: A review of its visual system neuropathology. Optical coherence tomography—a potential role as a study tool in vivo

Alzheimer’s disease: A review of its visual system neuropathology. Optical coherence tomography—a potential role as a study tool in vivo

Ocular Biomarkers for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease

Anatomical and functional retinal changes in multiple sclerosis

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