Morphological and functional evaluation of normal and abnormal fetal growth by ultrasonography

Yoshizato, Toshiyuki; Shoji, Shuichi

doi:10.1007/s10396-009-0224-4

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…In obstetrics, high RI in the umbilical artery is an accepted marker of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) due to placental vasculopathy. 26 Greater RI in renal Doppler sonography in SCA patients is also used as an early sign of reno-vascular pathologies. 27 Yet, reduction of RI in the ophthalamic artery was suggested to indicate high risk for overt stroke in SCA patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sickle Mice Are Sensitive to Hypoxia/Ischemia-Induced Stroke but Respond to Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Treatment

Sun

Lee

Huang

et al. 2017

Stroke

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Background and Purpose The effects of lytic stroke therapy in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) are unknown, although a recent study suggested that co-existent SCA does not increase the risk of cerebral hemorrhage. This finding calls for systemic analysis of the effects of thrombolytic stroke therapy, first in humanized sickle mice, then in patients. There is also a need for additional predictive markers of SCA-associated vasculopathy. Methods We used Doppler ultrasound to examine the carotid artery of Townes sickle mice tested their responses to repetitive-mild hypoxia-ischemia (rmHI) and transient hypoxia-ischemia (tHI)-induced stroke at three or six months of age, respectively. We also examined the effects of tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment in tHI-injured sickle mice. Results Three-month-old SS mice showed elevated resistive index (RI) in the carotid artery and higher sensitivity to rmHI-induced cerebral infarct. Six-month-old SS mice showed greater RI and increased flow velocity without obstructive vasculopathy in the carotid artery. Instead, the cerebral vascular wall in SS mice showed ectopic expression of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and P-Selectin, suggesting a pro-adhesive and pro-thrombotic propensity. Indeed, SS mice showed enhanced leukocyte and platelet adherence to the cerebral vascular wall, broader fibrin deposition, and higher mortality after tHI. Yet, post-tHI treatment with tPA reduced thrombosis and mortality in SS mice. Conclusions Sickle mice are sensitive to hypoxia/ischemia-induced cerebral infarct, but benefit from thrombolytic treatment. An increased resistive index in carotid arteries may be an early marker of sickle cell vasculopathy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sickle Mice Are Sensitive to Hypoxia/Ischemia-Induced Stroke but Respond to Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Treatment

Sun

Lee

Huang

et al. 2017

Stroke

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“…It is important to accurately determine the gestational age by taking into consideration the last menstrual period and the crown-to-rump length of the fetus in the 11-13-week ultrasound scan. The evaluation of fetal growth relies on comparing the estimated fetal weight (EFW) with norms that are appropriate for the gestational age [6,7]. The development of the fetus is a dynamic and continuous process, and it takes a series of measurements with an interval of two-to-three weeks to determine whether it is normal or shows an abnormality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management of Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR)

Tsikouras,

Antsaklis,

Nikolettos

et al. 2024

JPM

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Fetal growth restriction (FGR), or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), is still the second most common cause of perinatal mortality. The factors that contribute to fetal growth restriction can be categorized into three distinct groups: placental, fetal, and maternal. The prenatal application of various diagnostic methods can, in many cases, detect the deterioration of the fetal condition in time because the nature of the above disorder is thoroughly investigated by applying a combination of biophysical and biochemical methods, which determine the state of the embryo–placenta unit and assess the possible increased risk of perinatal failure outcome and potential for many later health problems. When considering the potential for therapeutic intervention, the key question is whether it can be utilized during pregnancy. Currently, there are no known treatment interventions that effectively enhance placental function and promote fetal weight development. Nevertheless, in cases with fetuses diagnosed with fetal growth restriction, immediate termination of pregnancy may have advantages not only in terms of minimizing perinatal mortality but primarily in terms of reducing long-term morbidity during childhood and maturity.

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Morphological and functional evaluation of normal and abnormal fetal growth by ultrasonography

Cited by 2 publications

References 72 publications

Sickle Mice Are Sensitive to Hypoxia/Ischemia-Induced Stroke but Respond to Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Treatment

Sickle Mice Are Sensitive to Hypoxia/Ischemia-Induced Stroke but Respond to Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Treatment

Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management of Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR)

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