Morphological and functional characterization of leech circulating blood cells: role in immunity and neural repair

Boidin-Wichlacz, Céline; Vergote, David; Slomianny, Christian; Jouy, Nathalie; Salzet, Michel; Tasiemski, Aurélie

doi:10.1007/s00018-011-0897-x

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Nevertheless, major differences distinguish these two systems: leech CNS lacks glial cells like astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In addition, infiltrating macrophages are almost absent in this organism, because very few blood cells penetrate the injured nervous system (Boidin‐Wichlacz et al, ). Therefore, the inflammatory control is exclusively exerted by the resident microglia that are the main sentinels monitoring CNS immune response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglia of medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) express a specific activation marker homologous to vertebrate ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1/alias aif‐1)

Drago¹,

Sautière²,

Marrec-Croq³

et al. 2014

Developmental Neurobiology

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The Ionized calcium-Binding Adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), also known as Allograft Inflammatory Factor 1 (AIF-1), is a 17 kDa cytokine-inducible protein, produced by activated macrophages during chronic transplant rejection and inflammatory reactions in Vertebrates. In mammalian central nervous system (CNS), Iba1 is a sensitive marker associated with activated macrophages/microglia and is upregulated following neuronal death or brain lesions. The medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis is able to regenerate its CNS after injury, leading to a complete functional repair. Similar to Vertebrates, leech neuroinflammatory processes are linked to microglia activation and recruitment at the lesion site. We identified a gene, named Hmiba1, coding a 17.8 kDa protein showing high similarity with Vertebrate AIF-1. The present work constitutes the first report on an Iba1 protein in the nervous system of an invertebrate. Immunochemistry and gene expression analyses showed that HmIba1, like its mammalian counterpart, is modulated in leech CNS by mechanical injury or chemical stimuli (ATP). We presently demonstrate that most of leech microglial cells migrating and accumulating at the lesion site specifically expressed the activation marker HmIba1. While the functional role of Iba1, whatever species, is still unclear in reactive microglia, this molecule appeared as a good selective marker of activated cells in leech and presents an interesting tool to investigate the functions of these cells during nerve repair events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglia of medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) express a specific activation marker homologous to vertebrate ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1/alias aif‐1)

Drago¹,

Sautière²,

Marrec-Croq³

et al. 2014

Developmental Neurobiology

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“…The coelomocytes were collected, and immediately fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde according to the protocol previously described [24]. Coelomocytes were observed on a Hitachi H 600 electron microscope.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Function of the First Antibiotic Isolated from a Vent Organism: The Extremophile Metazoan Alvinella pompejana

et al. 2014

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The emblematic hydrothermal worm Alvinella pompejana is one of the most thermo tolerant animal known on Earth. It relies on a symbiotic association offering a unique opportunity to discover biochemical adaptations that allow animals to thrive in such a hostile habitat. Here, by studying the Pompeii worm, we report on the discovery of the first antibiotic peptide from a deep-sea organism, namely alvinellacin. After purification and peptide sequencing, both the gene and the peptide tertiary structures were elucidated. As epibionts are not cultivated so far and because of lethal decompression effects upon Alvinella sampling, we developed shipboard biological assays to demonstrate that in addition to act in the first line of defense against microbial invasion, alvinellacin shapes and controls the worm's epibiotic microflora. Our results provide insights into the nature of an abyssal antimicrobial peptide (AMP) and into the manner in which an extremophile eukaryote uses it to interact with the particular microbial community of the hydrothermal vent ecosystem. Unlike earlier studies done on hydrothermal vents that all focused on the microbial side of the symbiosis, our work gives a view of this interaction from the host side.

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“…Thus the leech inflammatory response may be explored from the sinus-free CNS. Anyway, the very low infiltration of blood cells which have been observed in injured CNS—even surrounded by the blood sinus—highlights the importance of the resident microglia at the lesions [29, 35]. As a result, leech microglial cells may be studied for their contribution to the CNS repair without any infiltrating blood cell contribution.…”

Section: The Leech Microgliamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Leech Nervous System: A Valuable Model to Study the Microglia Involvement in Regenerative Processes

Marrec-Croq

Drago

Vizioli

et al. 2013

Clinical and Developmental Immunology

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Microglia are intrinsic components of the central nervous system (CNS). During pathologies in mammals, inflammatory processes implicate the resident microglia and the infiltration of blood cells including macrophages. Functions of microglia appear to be complex as they exhibit both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects during neuropathological conditions in vivo and in vitro. The medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis is a well-known model in neurobiology due to its ability to naturally repair its CNS following injury. Considering the low infiltration of blood cells in this process, the leech CNS is studied to specify the activation mechanisms of only resident microglial cells. The microglia recruitment is known to be essential for the usual sprouting of injured axons and does not require any other glial cells. The present review will describe the questions which are addressed to understand the nerve repair. They will discuss the implication of leech factors in the microglial accumulation, the identification of nerve cells producing these molecules, and the study of different microglial subsets. Those questions aim to better understand the mechanisms of microglial cell recruitment and their crosstalk with damaged neurons. The study of this dialog is necessary to elucidate the balance of the inflammation leading to the leech CNS repair.

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Morphological and functional characterization of leech circulating blood cells: role in immunity and neural repair

Cited by 22 publications

References 46 publications

Microglia of medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) express a specific activation marker homologous to vertebrate ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1/alias aif‐1)

Microglia of medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) express a specific activation marker homologous to vertebrate ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1/alias aif‐1)

Characterization and Function of the First Antibiotic Isolated from a Vent Organism: The Extremophile Metazoan Alvinella pompejana

The Leech Nervous System: A Valuable Model to Study the Microglia Involvement in Regenerative Processes

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