Morphological and Cytochemical Studies on Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus

Dalton, Albert J.; Rowe, Wallace P.; Smith, Gilbert H.; Wilsnack, Roger E.; Pugh, Wendell E.

doi:10.1128/jvi.2.12.1465-1478.1968

Cited by 84 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Mammarenavirus particles are spherical to pleomorphic in shape and, range from 40 to 300 nm in diameter [2]. The virus particle carries a variable number of ribosomes (20-25 nm) from host cells that are responsible for their sandy, or arena-like, appearance under electron microscopy [3]. Mammarenavirus possess a bi-segmented, ambisense, single-stranded RNA genome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Wēnzhōu virus in small mammals in Yunnan Province, China

et al. 2019

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Background Mammarenaviruses are associated with human hemorrhagic fever diseases in Africa and America. Recently, a rodent mammarenavirus, Wēnzhōu virus (WENV) and related viruses, have been reported in China, Cambodia, and Thailand. Moreover, in Cambodia, these viruses were suspected to be associated with human disease. In China, Yunnan Province is famous for its abundant animal and plant diversity and is adjacent to several South-eastern Asia countries. Therefore, it is necessary to know whether WENV-related viruses, or other mammarenaviruses, are prevalent in this province. Methodology/Principal findings Small mammals were trapped, euthanized, and sampled. Mammarenavirus RNA was detected using a nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantified by real-time RT-PCR. A total of 1040 small mammals belonging to 13 genera and 26 species were trapped in Yunnan Province. WENV-related mammarenaviruses were detected in 41 rodent liver samples, mainly in brown rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) and oriental house rats ( R . tanezumi ).Viral nucleocapsid protein was detected in liver sections by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Full-length-genomes were amplified by RT-PCR and used for phylogenetic analysis with the MEGA package. Recombination analysis was performed using the SimPlot and Recombination Detection Program. Conclusions/Significance WENV related viruses circulated in small mammals in Yunnan Province. Whole genome sequence analysis of five selected viral strains showed that these viruses are closely related to WENVs discovered in Asia and form an independent branch in the phylogenetic tree in the WENV clade. Paying attention to investigate the influence of these viruses to public health is essential in the epidemic regions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Wēnzhōu virus in small mammals in Yunnan Province, China

et al. 2019

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“…Arenavirus proteins accumulate at flat membranes before bud formation [47][48][49][50], as shown in figure 1. The accumulated flat mats of viral protein can extend over a much larger area than is required to form a virion [50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arenavirus budding resulting from viral-protein-associated cell membrane curvature

Schley

Whittaker

Neuman

2013

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Viral replication occurs within cells, with release (and onward infection) primarily achieved through two alternative mechanisms: lysis, in which virions emerge as the infected cell dies and bursts open; or budding, in which virions emerge gradually from a still living cell by appropriating a small part of the cell membrane. Virus budding is a poorly understood process that challenges current models of vesicle formation. Here, a plausible mechanism for arenavirus budding is presented, building on recent evidence that viral proteins embed in the inner lipid layer of the cell membrane. Experimental results confirm that viral protein is associated with increased membrane curvature, whereas a mathematical model is used to show that localized increases in curvature alone are sufficient to generate viral buds. The magnitude of the protein-induced curvature is calculated from the size of the amphipathic region hypothetically removed from the inner membrane as a result of translation, with a change in membrane stiffness estimated from observed differences in virion deformation as a result of protein depletion. Numerical results are based on experimental data and estimates for three arenaviruses, but the mechanisms described are more broadly applicable. The hypothesized mechanism is shown to be sufficient to generate spontaneous budding that matches well both qualitatively and quantitatively with experimental observations.

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“…The GPC is directed to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by the SSP for synthesis and processing in the secretory pathway. Virion budding occurs from the cell membrane, which is the source of envelope lipids and GPC [11,29,30,42] (Figure I-4).…”

Section: Overview Of Arenavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arenaviruses

Brouillette¹

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To my husband, Marc, for his endless encouragement and support iii ACKNOWELDGEMENTS First, I would like to thank my mentor, Dr. Wendy Maury. Without her, none of this would have been possible. I would also like to thank all the people in the Department of Microbiology with whom I have worked over the last four years and my committee members who took the time to meet with me about my work each year.Particularly, I would like to acknowledge Nick Lennemann, Beth Rhein, and Sven Moller-Tank. Sven was always a source of amusement and good advice. Nick taught me essentially everything I needed to know to succeed and helped me start my first project.Lastly, Beth Rhein is a great friend. I cannot imagine my graduate career without her. I would also like to make special note of an undergraduate research assistant who worked tirelessly by my side, Elisabeth Phillips. She regularly exceeded her responsibilities and assisted me with countless experiments needed for my dissertation.Her dedication and work ethic are unmatched.Finally, I would like to thank my friends and family for their love and support. In particular, I thank my husband and best friend Marc. He has always been indispensable. iv ABSTRACTThe family Arenaviridae consists of over 30 members, some of which can infect humans and cause severe hemorrhagic fever. The three arenaviruses studied in this thesis, Machupo virus (MACV), Junín virus (JUNV), and Lassa virus (LASV), are causative agents of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, Argentine hemorrhagic fever, and Lassa fever, respectively. Epidemics of these diseases can carry high rates of morbidity and mortality, and due to a lack of available countermeasures, all three viruses are considered category A priority pathogens by the CDC.Arenavirus glycoproteins (GPCs) are considered class I viral fusion proteins, but in multiple regards, they are quite unusual for viral envelope proteins. The GP precursor is translated as a polypeptide that is proteolytically processed within the secretory pathway by two sequential cleavage events to produce a tripartite complex (heterotrimers) that assemble into homotrimers to form heterononamers. The three distinct units of the GPC structure are a receptor binding domain, GP1, and fusion domain, GP2, and most peculiarly, a stable signal peptide (SSP) that traverses the membrane twice and associates with the GP2.The glycoprotein complex (GPC) of MACV encodes nine putative sites for Nlinked glycosylation. As N-glycans have been shown to be important for a multitude of factors in glycoprotein biology, we sought to investigate the potential roles of the Nglycans on MACV GPC expression, function, antigenicity, and immunogenicity. To do so, we used MACV GPC-VSVG-eGFP pseudovirions (MACV-VSV) to study the effects of both individual and combinatorial N-glycan losses. Our results demonstrate that loss of N-glycans at sites N178, N370, or N378 resulted in a loss of GPC proteolytic processing, while the accumulation of multiple N-glycans reduced total GPC expression and function. Replacement of the ...

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Morphological and Cytochemical Studies on Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus

Cited by 84 publications

References 12 publications

Prevalence of Wēnzhōu virus in small mammals in Yunnan Province, China

Prevalence of Wēnzhōu virus in small mammals in Yunnan Province, China

Arenavirus budding resulting from viral-protein-associated cell membrane curvature

Arenaviruses

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