Morphological and biochemical maturation of rat astroglial cells grown in a chemically defined medium: Influence of an astroglial growth factor

Weibel, M.; Pettmann, Brigitte; Labourdette, G.; Miehe, M; Bock, Elisabeth; Sensenbrenner, M.

doi:10.1016/0736-5748(85)90052-8

Cited by 67 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…AGF and FGF, proteins with established mitogenic and differentiation-promoting effects for glial cells and derivatives of mesoderm origin (3)(4)(5)(6)10), were found also to be trophic for neurons cultured from embryonic peripheral and central nervous systems. Neurotrophic actions comprised (i) promotion of survival, (ii) neuritic growth, and (iii) induction of transmitter-synthesizing enzyme ChoAcTase activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, nerve growth factor has been shown to act as a mitogen on rat pheochromocytoma (1) and adrenal medullary chromaffin cells (2). On the other hand, FGF and astroglial growth factors (AGF-1 and -2) that are closely related or even identical to acidic and basic FGF (aFGF, bFGF) (3) induce proliferation and differentiation of neuroectodermal astroglial cells (4), oligodendrocytes (5,6), and neuron-like PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Astroglial and fibroblast growth factors have neurotrophic functions for cultured peripheral and central nervous system neurons.

Unsicker¹,

Reichert-Preibsch²,

Schmidt³

et al. 1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

398

190

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Embryonic and neonatal neurons require specific trophic supplements for their survival and the induction of transmitter-synthesizing enzymes in vivo and in vitro. Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF, bFGF) and the closely related astroglial growth factors AGF-1 and AGF-2 were studied for putative neurotrophic functions using dissociated, highly neuron-enriched cultures from chick and rat peripheral ganglia and central nervous system tissues. Embryonic chick ciliary ganglion neurons were the only peripheral neurons that responded to bFGF and AGF-2 by enhanced survival equivalent to that obtained with ciliary neurotrophic factor. Half-maximal effects were achieved with bFGF at 360 pg/ml or AGF-2 at 3 ng/ml. Small effects seen with aFGF could be potentiated by adding heparin at 1 ,ug/ml. bFGF, but not ciliary neurotropic factor, also promoted neuron survival after the factor was bound to polyornithine and laminin. Both AGF-2 and ciliary neurotropic factor induced choline acetyltransferase activity during 48 hr. AGFs and FGFs also enhanced the long-term survival of embryonic chick spinal cord neurons, including motoneurons that had been retrogradely labeled with rhodamine isothiocyanate. These results demonstrate the potency of a class of mitogenic growth factors as neurotrophic agents for embryonic ciliary ganglion and spinal cord neurons-adding to the emerging evidence that mitogenic and neuronal growth factors are not strictly separate entities.Mitogenic, growth-promoting factors for cells derived from the mesoderm (e.g., fibroblast growth factors, FGFs) and neurotrophic factors (the prototype of which is nerve growth factor) that promote survival, differentiation, and functional maintenance of neurons have long been considered as separate entities. Emerging evidence suggests that this view can no longer strictly be maintained. Thus, nerve growth factor has been shown to act as a mitogen on rat pheochromocytoma (1) and adrenal medullary chromaffin cells (2). On the other hand, FGF and astroglial growth factors (AGF-1 and -2) that are closely related or even identical to acidic and basic FGF (aFGF, bFGF) (3) induce proliferation and differentiation of neuroectodermal astroglial cells (4), oligodendrocytes (5, 6), and neuron-like PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells (7).Large amounts of FGF are found in brain (8-10), and immunocytochemical studies using antibodies to AGF/FGF have revealed their localization in neurons of the central nervous system (11). We therefore questioned whether AGF and FGF had functions in the nervous system in addition to their established role for glial cells.We provide evidence that AGF and FGF mimic two effects typical of neurotrophic factors-promotion of in vitro neuron survival and enhancement of the activity of a transmittersynthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (ChoAcTase, acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Astroglial and fibroblast growth factors have neurotrophic functions for cultured peripheral and central nervous system neurons.

Unsicker¹,

Reichert-Preibsch²,

Schmidt³

et al. 1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

398

190

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“…In addition, bFGF also influences proliferation and differentiation of glial cells [2,3]. Recently, in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that bFGF exerts neurotrophic actions in the peripheral (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) [4-g].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High molecular weight forms of basic fibroblast growth factor recognized by a new anti‐bFGF antibody

et al. 1990

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An antibody against basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was raised using purified bovine pituitary bFGF. Western blot analysis revealed immunoreactive. bands at 18,24, 30-33 and 46 kDa in immunoaffinity purified extracts of pituitary and adrenal gland using this antibody. A similar staining pattern was obtained with ovary extracts with the exception of the missing 18 kDa band. A second anti-bFGF antibody raised against a synthetic peptide comprising the 24 N-terminal amino acids of bFGF reacted with the 18 kDa and the 46 kDa band of immunoaffinity purified ovary and ad&al gland extracts.

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“…After 2-3 weeks nearly all cells in these cultures contain glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) [2], Therefore, these cells have been regarded as a uniform population of astroblasts with similar properties. How ever, when the astrocytes were cultured in a chemically defined medium [3,4], they showed a more heterogenous aspect: some cells exhibited a flat and polygonal shape, others were more elongated and extend several protoplasmic processes. Moreover, it has been found that not all cultured astro cytes present glutamine synthetase (GS) [3][4][5], that a small subgroup of astrocytes accumulates glycogen [6] and that only a subpopulation of astrocytes synthesize the proteinase inhibitor a2-macroglobulin [7],…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Cultures of Astrocytes from Different Brain Areas of Newborn Rats and Effects of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor

Perraud¹,

Labourdette

Eclancher³

et al. 1990

Dev Neurosci

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The effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the morphology and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase (GS) in cultured astrocytes prepared from various areas of newborn rat brain was studied. The brain was dissected in two ways, either the telencephalon (area A) and the diencephalon (area B) were dissected out of the brain (without olfactory bulbs, mesencephalon and cerebellum) or the brain was cut transversely into 3 parts (areas 1, 2 and 3). Area 1 (the anterior part) included the frontal cortex, the olfactory nuclei, the neostriatum, the accumbens nucleus and the septum; area 2 (the medial part) included the cortex, hippocampus, amygdale, thalamus and hypothalamus, and area 3 (the posterior part) included the occipital cortex, the posterior part of hippocampus and thalamus and the mamillary bodies. Essentially two different morphological aspects were observed. Most cells from areas A, 1 and 3, were flat, large, presented an irregular shape and were loosely arranged; cells from areas B and 2 were essentially polygonal in shape and closely apposed to each other. The various control cultures showed nearly the same immunostaining pattern for GFAP, but different patterns for GS. Most astroglial cells responded to bFGF and became fibrous. The GFAP immunoreaction was intense and localized in the cell bodies and processes of most cells from area A, but essentially in the processes for cells from areas 1 and 2. The immunoreactivity was weaker in cells from areas B and 3. GS-positive cells, heavily and weakly stained, were found in all treated cultures, and very strongly stained cells were located in certain zones of cultures from area A. But GS-negative cells were also seen in these treated cultures as well as in control cultures. Measurements of GS activities revealed no differences. These results indicate that astrocytes from different regions of the brain in primary culture show differences in their responsiveness to bFGF. The astroglial cells from the cerebral cortex and from the thalamus seem to present the highest and the lowest response to bFGF, respectively.

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Morphological and biochemical maturation of rat astroglial cells grown in a chemically defined medium: Influence of an astroglial growth factor

Cited by 67 publications

References 32 publications

Astroglial and fibroblast growth factors have neurotrophic functions for cultured peripheral and central nervous system neurons.

Astroglial and fibroblast growth factors have neurotrophic functions for cultured peripheral and central nervous system neurons.

High molecular weight forms of basic fibroblast growth factor recognized by a new anti‐bFGF antibody

Primary Cultures of Astrocytes from Different Brain Areas of Newborn Rats and Effects of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor

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