Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of Goldfish Erythrophores and Their Pterinosomes

Matsumoto, Jiro; Obika, Masataka

doi:10.1083/jcb.39.2.233

Cited by 68 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Ultrastructural observations revealed that the erythrophoroma cells were characterized by numerous large spherical cytoplasmic particles (0.4-0.7 ;/m in diameter) (Fig 3) [5,6], which were identical to the pterinosomes seen in normal erythrophores and regarded as specific pigment granules [7]. In addition to pterinosomes, many well-developed, tubular, smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the crythrophoroma cells were found.…”

Section: Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigment Cells and Pigment Cell Tumors in Fish.

Masahito¹,

Ishikawa²,

Sugano³

1989

J Invest Dermatol

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The three basic pigment cell types found in poikilothermic vertebrates, melanocytes (melanin-producing cells), erythrophores (red or yellow pigment cells), and iridophores (iridescence-producing cells), are derived from neural crest. Neoplasms of pigment cells in fish are also of three phenotypes, melanomas (melanophoromas), erythrophoromas, and iridophoromas, showing the phenotypes of their corresponding normal pigment cells. These pigment cell tumors are among the most common types in bony fish and seem to be more common in fish than in mammals, including humans. Moreover, there are no mammalian neoplasms corresponding to erythrophoromas and iridophoromas in fish. The complexities in the nature and classification of pigment cell tumors in fish will be discussed on the basis of a survey of our collection of these tumors at the Cancer Institute. The etiology of pigment cell tumors in fish is obscure. In order to know whether activated oncogene is involved in the genesis of erythrophoromas in goldfish, the ras genes from normal and erythrophoroma cells were cloned and their nucleotide sequences were compared. The goldfish ras gene and human ras genes showed striking homology. However, no point mutation at the 12th codon was observed in ras genes isolated from erythrophoromas. Besides pigment cell tumors in fish, abnormal pigmentation or depigmentation in flounders associated with diseased conditions is also described.

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Section: Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigment Cells and Pigment Cell Tumors in Fish.

Masahito¹,

Ishikawa²,

Sugano³

1989

J Invest Dermatol

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“…As seen in the above description, a similarity exists in the morphological charactersitics between the melanosomes and pterinosomes. As a biochemical similarity, tyrosinase was found in the pterinosomes of the frog, Rana japonica (14), a teleostean fish, Oryzias latipes ( 5 ) and the goldfish (9,6). The present biochemical study, which is concerned with the adult xanthophores, asks several questions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Microscopic Demonstration of Tyrosinase in Pterinosomes of the Frog Xanthophore, and the Origin of Pterinosomes*

Yasutomi¹,

Hama²

1976

Dev Growth Differ

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In the frog, Rana japonica, the successive appearance of types I, II and III pterinosomes, which were defined according to the degree of lamellar structure, is in keeping with the xanthophore differentiation at the larval stage, but these three types coexist in a single xanthophore in the adult. An intense tyrosinase reaction was found in type I–II intermediate form in the larval and adult xanthophores, but it was rarely observed in types I and III. A tyrosinase reaction was always found in the GERL (Golgi‐associated Endoplasmic Reticulum) of larval and adult xanthophores, and it was similarly evident in small Golgi vesicles which were separated from the GERL and dispersed in the cytoplasm. The above findings suggest that tyrosinase and pterinosome originate from different parts of the cytoplasm. The hypothesis that small Golgi vesicles are transported to the tyrosinase‐negative premelanosomes involved in the origin of the melanosome is also applicable to the origin of pterinosomes.

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“…It was also suggested that the dispersion of carotenoids does not involve the release of pigment from, but rather the movement of, the SER (Winchester et al, 1976), yet lipid monolayers surrounding carotenoid droplets were found within such SER cisternae . Thin-section TEM results also suggested that carotenoids might be transported within the agranular reticulum in goldfish erythrophores (Matsumoto and Obika, 1968). Hormone-induced dispersion of CD and SER was inhibited by cytochalasin B in primary cultures of xanthophores, as well (Obika et al, 1978b).…”

Section: Goldfish Xanthophores Early Studies: Thin-section Tem Workmentioning

confidence: 93%

Morphological studies on the mechanisms of pigmentary organelle transport in fish xanthophores and melanophores

Kimler

Taylor

2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Pigmentary organelle translocations within fish chromatophores undergo physiological color changes when exposed to external signals. Chromatophores can be isolated in high yields, and their pigmentary organelles can be tracked readily by microscopy. The combined efforts of morphology and biomolecular chemistry have led to the identification of and determination of the interrelationships between cytoskeletal elements and accessory proteins, motor molecules, cytomatrix, and pigmentary organelles of various sizes. Fish chromatophores have been classified as fast, intermediate, and slow translocators, based on the relative numbers of microtubules. Studies on cultured goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) xanthophores for over 20 years have demonstrated that in this slow translocator, tubulovesicular structures of the smooth endoplasmic reticular (SER) cisternae are involved in the disperson and aggregation of associated carotenoid droplets (CD) with some involvement of cytoskeletal elements. Killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus L.) melanophore, a fast translocator, was also examined. Recent work demonstrates a bright fluorescent "starburst"-like spot that we call an actin filament-organizing center (AFOC) with radiating microfilaments, akin to the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) with radiating microtubules. Melanosomes translocate single-file on microtubules and are not associated with SER cisternae. Slower CD dispersion or aggregation in goldfish xanthophores seems to be predominantly microfilament-based transport, or microfilament- and microtubule-based transport, respectively. Faster melanosome translocations in killifish melanophores are based on microtubules, with our evidence indicating microfilament involvement. Neural crest-derived chromatophores are models for vesicular transport in axons, and immunocytochemical and imaging technologies may help to elucidate the cellular transport mechanisms.

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Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of Goldfish Erythrophores and Their Pterinosomes

Cited by 68 publications

References 28 publications

Pigment Cells and Pigment Cell Tumors in Fish.

Pigment Cells and Pigment Cell Tumors in Fish.

Electron Microscopic Demonstration of Tyrosinase in Pterinosomes of the Frog Xanthophore, and the Origin of Pterinosomes*

Morphological studies on the mechanisms of pigmentary organelle transport in fish xanthophores and melanophores

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