Morphological and biochemical changes in striated muscle after experimental tourniquet ischaemia

Santavirta, Seppo; Luoma, Aija; Arstila, Antti U.

doi:10.1007/bf01851416

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The difference of species may explain this discrep ancy. Besides that, many studies have indi cated that skeletal muscle can withstand less than 3 h ischemia without significant injury' [18][19][20], Our results are coincident with those reports.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Implication of Superoxide Radicals on Ischemia-Reperfusion-lnduced Skeletal Muscle Injury in Rats

Kawasaki

Sugiyama

et al. 1993

Eur Surg Res

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This study was designed to clarify the mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury to skeletal muscle using long-acting polyoxyethylene-modified superoxide dismutase (SOD-POE) in rats. The gastrocnemius muscles of male Lews rats were investigated. Tissue levels of ATP decreased to 20% of nonischemic values after 3 h ischemia and returned to 94% after 1 h reperfusion. In contrast, they decreased to 3.5% after 4 h ischemia and remained at 20% after 1 h reperfusion. Although SOD-POE did not affect the decrease of ATP during ischemia, it improved significantly the recovery of ATP: 28%. Tissue levels of lipid peroxides (LPO) after 3 h ischemia and 1 h reperfusion did not change significantly compared with the nonischemic levels (0.71 ± 0.32 nmol/mg protein, mean ± SD). They showed no increase after 4 h ischemia, but increased explosively after 1 h reperfusion (2.15 ± 0.73 nmol/mg protein). SOD-POE did not affect LPO levels during ischemia but prevented the increase of LPO significantly after reperfusion (0.98 ± 0.25 nmol/mg protein). Xanthine oxidase activity did not increase after 3 h ischemia (22.3 ± 7.0 mU/g) compared with the nonischemic values (17.6 ± 10.0 mU/g). In contrast, it increased 2.5-fold after 4h ischemia (50.1 ± 13.7 mU/g) and remained at a significantly high level after 1 h reperfusion. SOD-POE did not affect xanthine oxidase activity during ischemia and reperfusion. These results suggest that lipid peroxidation by superoxide radicals produced by xanthine oxidase is a contributory factor to ischemia-reperfusion injury to skeletal muscle, and the clinical application of SOD-POE might be expected.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Implication of Superoxide Radicals on Ischemia-Reperfusion-lnduced Skeletal Muscle Injury in Rats

Kawasaki

Sugiyama

et al. 1993

Eur Surg Res

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“…1986). Regarding reperfusion injury, several reports have showed that a period over 2 h of reperfusion is enough to establish the muscular lesion (Strock & Majno 1969; Santavirta et al. 1979; Long et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reports have shown a relationship among insults of IR, alterations in tissue oxygen metabolism and cellular changes (Santavirta et al. 1979; Carvalho et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been emphasized the importance of ischaemia duration as a progressive increase of ultrastructural lesions takes place between 2-and 7-h ischaemia insult in skeletal muscular tissues ). Regarding reperfusion injury, several reports have showed that a period over 2 h of reperfusion is enough to establish the muscular lesion (Strock & Majno 1969;Santavirta et al 1979;Long et al 1989;Moreno 1991;Sternbergh & Adelman 1992;Appell et al 1997;Cruz et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ischaemia and reperfusion effects on skeletal muscle tissue: morphological and histochemical studies

Carmo-Araujo

Dal-Pai-Silva

Dal-Pai

et al. 2007

Int J Experimental Path

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This was a study on the oxidative stress due to ischaemia (I) and reperfusion (R) in skeletal muscle tissue. Using a tourniquet, groups of rats were submitted to ischaemia for 4 h, followed by different reperfusion periods. The animals were divided in four groups: control; 4 h of ischaemia (IR); 4 h of ischaemia plus 1 h reperfusion (IR-1 h); 4 h of ischaemia plus 24 h reperfusion (IR-24 h); and 4 h of ischaemia plus 72 h reperfusion (IR-72 h). At the end of the procedures, samples of soleus muscle were collected and frozen in n-hexane at -70 degrees C. Cryostat sections were submitted to haematoxylin-eosin, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) stains. An additional muscle sample was processed for electron microscopy. No alterations were found in control animals. IR group showed fibres had normal aspect besides some round, acidophilic and hypertrophic fibres. There were several fibres with angular outlines and smaller diameters in this group compared with control group. NADH-TR/SDH reaction was moderately intense in most fibres. In some fibres, cytoplasm showed areas without activity and other fibres had very intense reactivity. IR-1 h group showed oedema hypercontracted fibres with disorganized myofibrils, mitochondria with focal lesions and dilated sarcoplasmic reticulum. NADH-TR/SDH reaction was moderate to weak. IR-24 h showed intense inflammatory infiltrate in the endomysium and perimysium. NADH-TR/SDH reaction was similar to IR-1 h. IR-72 h showed necrotic fibres, areas with inflammatory infiltrate, reduced muscle fibres at different stages of necrosis and phagocytosis, and many small round and basophilic fibres characterizing a regeneration process. NADH-TR/SDH reaction was weak to negative. Our results suggest that ischaemia and the subsequent 1-, 24- and 72-h reperfusions induced progressive histological damage. Although progressive, it may be reversible because there were ultrastructural signs of recovery after 72-h reperfusion. This recovery could in part be due to the low oxidative stress identified by the morphological and histochemical analysis.

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“…20-30 min after declamping, however, energy-rich phosphate concentrations, except AMP, de clined markedly in spite of restoration of the blood to the leg [1,22,27], Despite the fact that the PCr content had regained its preclamping value by 4 h after aortic declamp ing, the total creatine and adenine nucleo tide pools were still low 16 h after the opera tion [27], Blood citrate and oxoglutarate levels as well as ketone bodies were not affected by tourniquet ischaemia (table II). It has been shown that succinic dehydrogenase activity did not vary significantly between the experi mental and control samples even after a 4 h ischaemia [25], Therefore, it seems unlikely that the citric acid cycle is altered during ischaemia. On the other hand, in patients undergoing aorto-femoral bypass operation, blood citrate levels were significantly in creased after dcclamping [Hört et al; submit ted for publication].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tourniquet Ischaemia on Carbohydrate Metabolism of Dog Skeletal Muscle

Hörl

1985

Eur Surg Res

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Metabolic changes in blood and skeletal muscle of dogs before, during and after tourniquet ischaemia were investigated to obtain further information on cellular metabolic abnormalities and restitution during and following long-lasting blood flow interruptions. Total carbohydrate and glycogen contents in the muscle tissue fell during ischaemia and remained significantly decreased even 1 h after recirculation due to inhibition of glycogen synthetase activity. Muscle glucose concentration remained stable during ischaemia and was significantly elevated 1 h after tourniquet release. In contrast, muscle lactate concentration was elevated during ischaemia and normal after recirculation. Blood lactate, pyruvate and serum inorganic phosphate concentrations increased markedly after tourniquet release and were still significantly elevated 1 h after recirculation, whereas ketone bodies and citric acid cycle intermediates remained unchanged. Tourniquet ischaemia had no effect on muscle phosphate concentration or on the activities of proteases, protease inhibitors or hydrolases in the blood. Nevertheless, our results clearly indicate metabolic abnormalities in the blood and skeletal muscle during 5 h of tourniquet ischaemia and even after 1 h of recirculation.

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Morphological and biochemical changes in striated muscle after experimental tourniquet ischaemia

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Implication of Superoxide Radicals on Ischemia-Reperfusion-lnduced Skeletal Muscle Injury in Rats

Implication of Superoxide Radicals on Ischemia-Reperfusion-lnduced Skeletal Muscle Injury in Rats

Ischaemia and reperfusion effects on skeletal muscle tissue: morphological and histochemical studies

Effect of Tourniquet Ischaemia on Carbohydrate Metabolism of Dog Skeletal Muscle

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