Morphological and anatomical modifications in winter barley culm after late plant growth regulator treatment

Sanvicente, P.; Lazarevitch, Sviatoslav; Blouet, André; Guckert, Armand

doi:10.1016/s1161-0301(99)00017-9

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The following parameters were calculated: -mass density per 1 cm 2 (Sanvicente et al, 1999) for each internode; -harvest index (Zając et al, 2013a) as the ratio between grain weight and total dry matter weight; -harvest index energy (Sinha et al, 1982) accumulated in the straw and grain; -straw yield (t ha -1 ) calculated by multiplying the mass of a single culm by the number of culms per 1 m 2 and expressed as mass per 1 ha; analogical calculation was performed for the accumulation of energy in straw and grains (GJ ha -1 ); -loss of straw yield simulated using Excel 2010 and based on the different heights of cutting culms every 2.5 cm from 0 to 50 cm. The concentration of energy in the different parts of cereals was determined experimentally by measuring the higher heating value in a calorimeter KL-10 (Precyzja, Bydgoszcz, Poland) at an oxygen pressure of 20 atm, according to the Polish Norm PN-81/G-04513 and ISO 1928.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2-chloroethyl-trimethylammonium chloride) reduces the length, but does not reduce the weight of the wheat culm. This phenomenon relates to the anatomical effects of retardants, mainly to the simultaneous thickening of the culm and increasing its diameter, while the length of the internodes is shortened (Lowe and Carter, 1972;Sanvicente et al, 1999;Tripathi et al, 2003;Zając 1987). Consequently, straw yield is reduced (Rebetzke et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accumulation of biomass and bioenergy in culms of cereals as a factor of straw cutting height

Zając¹,

Synowiec²,

Oleksy³

et al. 2017

International Agrophysics

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A b s t r a c t. Cereal straw is an important biomass source inEurope. This work assessed: 1) the morphological and energetic characteristics of culms of spring and winter cereals, 2) the energy deposited in the different aboveground parts of cereals, 3) losses of energy due to different cutting heights. The straw of winter and spring cereals was collected from arable fields during the seasons 2009/10 and 2010/11 in southern Poland. Detailed biometric measurements of culms and internodes were performed. The losses of straw biomass and energy were assessed during simulation of cutting the culm at different heights, up to 50 cm. Longer and heavier culms were developed by winter wheat and triticale and oat. Cutting of straw up to 10 cm did not lead to significant losses in straw yield. The total amount of energy in the culms was as follows: triticale > winter wheat > oat > spring wheat > winter barley > spring barley. Cutting the culms above 20 cm led to significant differences in terms of biomass energy between cereal species. The smallest losses of energy were recorded for spring and winter barley. Oat and barley accumulated the highest energy in grains.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of biomass and bioenergy in culms of cereals as a factor of straw cutting height

Zając¹,

Synowiec²,

Oleksy³

et al. 2017

International Agrophysics

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“…To shorten the stem, PGRs are applied either at early stem elongation phases (CCC) or at more advanced growth stages, booting stage at latest (ethephon, mepiquat chloride, trinexapacethyl) (Luckwill 1981, Rademacher et al 1992, Rademacher 2000. Plant height reduction is associated with the reduced elongation of internodes (Stanca et al 1979, Crook and Ennos 1994, Sanvicente et al 1999. The uppermost internodes and peduncle in particular are shortened, resulting in reduced shoot leverage and hence reduced lodging susceptibility (Berry et al 2000).…”

Section: Lodging -Stem Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant growth regulators to manipulate oat stands

Rajala¹

2008

AFSci

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Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are exogenously applied chemicals that alter plant metabolism, cell division, cell enlargement, growth and development by regulating plant hormones or other biological signals. For example, some PGRs regulate stem elongation by inhibiting biosynthesis of gibberellins or through releasing ethylene. PGR effects are widely studied and reported on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), whereas there are only a few reports addressing oat (Avena sativa L.). This is likely to be a result of smaller acreage and lower intensity of oat management and production and hence a reduced need for stem shortening by PGRs. However, this is not the case for all cereal producing regions and there exists a need to understand the potential application of PGRs to oat production. This paper represents a review of the potential of PGRs to regulate stem elongation and other biological traits governing plant stand structure and yield components, with special emphasis on oat and its responses to PGRs. Yield improvement requires more heads per unit land area, more grains per head or heavier grains. Of these yield-determining parameters, the number of head bearing tillers and grain numbers per head, compared with grain weight, are more likely to be improved by PGR application. In the absence of lodging, PGR may reduce grain yield due to potential reduction in mean grain weight and/or grain number. Cultivation systems aiming at extensive yields with intensive use of inputs likely benefit from PGR applications more often compared with low or moderate input cultivation, for which cost effectiveness of PGRs is not frequently reached.

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“…Reduction in plant height is due to decrease in relative turgidity and dehydration of protoplasm, which is associated with turgor and reduced expansion of cell and cell division Ashraf et al 1994). Literature (Azhar et al 2005;Naeem et al 2004;Sanvicente et al 1999) showed that growth regulators enhanced growth of various plants and Water withheld till incipient wilting + 0 mg IAA l -1 T 5…”

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confidence: 99%

Indole acetic acid (IAA) induced changes in growth, relative water contents and gas exchange attributes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown under water stress conditions

2006

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Effect of different concentrations of indole acetic acid (IAA) under varying soil water deficit conditions on two barley cultivars viz. B-99094 and Jau-87 was investigated in soil filled earthen pots. There were six treatments including control each with four replicates. Three concentrations of IAA (0, 15 and 30 mg l -1 ) were applied as foliar spray 30 days after germination. After hormone application, half of the pots were subjected to one cycle of water stress (withholding of water till incipient wilting), followed by regular watering. Plant height, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency relative water content, dry biomass, and grain yield/plant were significantly reduced by water stress. However, IAA treatments alleviated the adverse effect of water stress and successful in enhancing the plant growth and yield of barley cultivars. Barley cultivar Jau-87 performed better than B-99094. IAA application was effective in enhancing growth and photosynthetic efficiency of barley both under normal and water stress conditions.

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Morphological and anatomical modifications in winter barley culm after late plant growth regulator treatment

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Accumulation of biomass and bioenergy in culms of cereals as a factor of straw cutting height

Accumulation of biomass and bioenergy in culms of cereals as a factor of straw cutting height

Plant growth regulators to manipulate oat stands

Indole acetic acid (IAA) induced changes in growth, relative water contents and gas exchange attributes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown under water stress conditions

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