Morphological Anatomy of Leaf and Rhizome in Zingiber officinale Roscoe, with Emphasis on Secretory Structures

Abstract

<jats:p>The morphological anatomy of leaf and rhizome was studied at different developmental stages in <jats:italic>Zingiber officinale</jats:italic> Roscoe using both light and electron microscopy, with an emphasis on characterizing secretory structures. The results show that the leaf comprises epidermal cells, mesophyll cells, and vascular bundles. Oil and crystal cells are scattered throughout the parenchyma, and some are within or in close contact to the vascular bundle sheath. The rhizome consists of epidermis, cortex, and stele. The pericycle of the rhizome remains meristematic and produces tissues centripetally, whereas the endodermis has no meristematic activity. Starch grains vary in shape from round to oval and vary in size from small to large throughout rhizome development. Oil cells and cavities are scattered and cavities are of lysigenous origin. When mature, the starch grains decrease in abundance while an increasing number of oil cells and cavities are formed. This anatomic characterization provides a theory foundation for medicinal exploitation and utilization of <jats:italic>Z. officinale</jats:italic> Roscoe.</jats:p>

Get the shovel: morphological and evolutionary complexities of belowground organs in geophytes

“…Primary Growth (Fig. 3D) (Skutch, 1932;Rudall, 1989;Rodrigues and Estelita, 2002;Liu et al, 2020) and the short stem found in the Allium bulb (DeMason, 1979). Secondary thickening growth in monocots occurs via the secondary thickening meristem (STM; i.e., the monocot cambium), which has only been characterized in some members of Asparagales (Rudall, 1995).…”

“…The primary thickening meristem (PTM) is thought to contribute to thickening growth in a diverse array of monocot structures including the rhizomatous stems of Iris , Cyperus , Musa , and Zingiber (Fig. 3D) (Skutch, 1932; Rudall, 1989; Rodrigues and Estelita, 2002; Liu et al, 2020) and the short stem found in the Allium bulb (DeMason, 1979). Secondary thickening growth in monocots occurs via the secondary thickening meristem (STM; i.e., the monocot cambium), which has only been characterized in some members of Asparagales (Rudall, 1995).…”

Contribution to the microscopic identification of Zingiber officinale

“…5). According to the literature reference, most authors report that the most common xylem elements are scalariform but they do not agree on whether these elements are highly lignified (Liu et al 2020), poorly lignified (Jackson and Snowden 1990) or unlignified (Remashree et al 1997;Pawar et al 2015). We observed a significant reaction for lignin to the solution of Safranin O of both the xylem elements and the mechanical fibres (Fig.…”

“…Despite the great interest in the phytochemical composition and pharmacological effect of rhizome extracts from Zingiber officinale Roscoe, we found not so many studies related to its anatomy and microscopic characteristics of the powder. They focus on the general anatomy of the rhizomes and microscopic characteristics of powder (Remashree et al 1997;WHO 1999;Ravindran et al 2005;European Pharmacopoeia 2014;Rungsung et al 2014;Uma and Muthukumar 2014;Pawar et al 2015;Kala et al 2016) and the secretory structures (Mu et al 2015;Indriyani 2017;Liu et al 2020). The microscopic characters of the powdered rhizome of Z. officinale have been described in a few sources (Jackson and Snowden 1990;WHO 1999;Ravindran et al 2005; European Pharmacopoeia 2014) but accompanied by limited amount of visual material that does not include any microphotographs.…”

Combined Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses of Young, Mature, and Old Rhizome Tissues of Zingiber officinale Roscoe

“…Earlier studies have shown that the starch and sugar contents of fresh ginger increase with growth ( Xu et al, 2008 ; Liu et al, 2020 ). Our observation that the accumulation of D-glucose, D-trehalose, and D-sucrose was increased in O as compared to Y and M is in accordance with this report ( Table 1 ).…”