Morphological analyses of the adult and juvenile stages of the stalked jellyfish Craterolophus convolvulus (Johnston, 1835) (Cnidaria: Staurozoa: Stauromedusae: Craterolophidae) using micro-CT

Holst, Sabine; Miranda, Lucília S.; Meyer, Pascal; Michalik, Peter; Sötje, Ilka

doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2021.04.005

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

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An early Cambrian polyp reveals an anemone-like ancestor for medusozoan cnidarians

Zhao

Vinther

Dunn

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Extant cnidarians are a disparate phylum of non-bilaterians and their diploblastic body plan represents a key step in animal evolution. Anthozoans (anemones, corals) are benthic polyps, while adult medusozoans (jellyfishes) are dominantly pelagic medusae. A sessile polyp is present in both groups and is widely conceived as the ancestral form of their last common ancestor. However, the nature and anatomy of this ancestral polyp, particularly of medusozoans, are controversial, owing to the divergent body plans of both groups in the extant lineages and the rarity of medusozoan soft tissues in the fossil record. Here we redescribe the enigmatic Conicula striata Luo et Hu from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota, south China, which has previously been interpreted as a polyp, lophophorate or deuterostome. We show that C. striata possessed features of both anthozoans and medusozoans. Its stalked polyp and fully encasing conical, annulated organic skeleton (periderm) are features of medusozoans. However, the gut is partitioned by ~28 mesenteries, and has a tubular pharynx, resembling anthozoans. Our phylogenetic analysis recovers C. striata as a stem medusozoan, indicating that the enormously diverse medusozoans were derived from an anemone-like ancestor, with the pharynx lost and number of mesenteries reduced prior to the origin of crown group Medusozoa.

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An early Cambrian polyp reveals an anemone-like ancestor for medusozoan cnidarians

Zhao

Vinther

Dunn

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Adhesive organs with complex neuromuscular system: Organization of rhopalioids in Haliclystus auricula James‐Clark, 1863 (Cnidaria: Staurozoa)

Maria,

Valeriia

2023

Acta Zoologica

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Staurozoa is a small group of marine stalked jellyfish, some of which have specialized attachment organs — rhopalioids, or so‐called anchors. The adhesive function of these organs was mentioned in numerous studies; however, the mechanism of their temporary attachment is still unknown. Moreover, it is assumed that rhopalioids may be homologous to rhopalia of scypho‐ and cubozoans and provide sensory and integrative functions. Nevertheless, nervous elements associated with rhopalioids are poorly investigated. Thus, we focused on morphological features of rhopalioids in staurozoan Haliclystus auricula James‐Clark, 1863 using histological and semithin sections, and also confocal laser scanning microscopy. We described histological organization of rhopalioids and observed four types of epidermal gland cell, which presumably provide the attachment and reattachment to the substrate. Supposedly, the musculature of rhopalioids can also play a role in the attachment and reattachment. We have studied organization of the nervous system in rhopalioids, which includes FMRFamide‐, tubulin‐ and neurotensin‐positive nerve clusters and FMRFamide‐positive presumptive sensory cells. Based on our results, we assume that rhopalioids, besides the complex attachment, may act like sensory organs and play a role of integrative centres.

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A morphological review of the jellyfish genus Nausithoe Kölliker, 1853 (Nausithoideae, Coronatae, Scyphozoa, Cnidaria)

MOLINARI,

COLLINS,

MORANDINI

2023

Zootaxa

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In this study we address the diversity of the scyphozoan jellyfish genus Nausithoe Kölliker, 1853 (Nausithoidae, Coronatae), questioning the feasibility of using some characters of the medusa stage to identify species and filling in gaps concerning species of the genus and their distributions. Like most scyphozoans, the vast majority of the 21 Nausithoe species have a metagenetic life cycle, but similarity of most polyps within the genus highlights the need for studying morphology of the medusa stage. By analyzing morphological features on preserved and live specimens (polyps and medusae) and comparing these data with the original descriptions, we were able to validate twenty species of the group, providing new information for some of them.

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Morphological analyses of the adult and juvenile stages of the stalked jellyfish Craterolophus convolvulus (Johnston, 1835) (Cnidaria: Staurozoa: Stauromedusae: Craterolophidae) using micro-CT

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

An early Cambrian polyp reveals an anemone-like ancestor for medusozoan cnidarians

An early Cambrian polyp reveals an anemone-like ancestor for medusozoan cnidarians

Adhesive organs with complex neuromuscular system: Organization of rhopalioids in Haliclystus auricula James‐Clark, 1863 (Cnidaria: Staurozoa)

A morphological review of the jellyfish genus Nausithoe Kölliker, 1853 (Nausithoideae, Coronatae, Scyphozoa, Cnidaria)

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