Morphological Alterations of Small Intestinal Epithelium of Calves Caused by Feeding Soybean Protein

Silva, A.G.; Huber, J.T.; Herdt, Thomas H.; Holland, Robert E.; Degregorio, R. M.; Mullaney, Thomas P.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(86)80545-8

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…There are several reports o^ the occurrence of morphological alterations in the small intestine of mammals after feeding soybean meal, the causes of which have not been determined (Silva et al 1986;Dunsford et aL 1989;Ratcliffe etal. 1989;Hancock et al 1990;Li et al 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These effects have been ascribed to a variety of compounds included ir\ the soybean meal, among them the iectin content (Pusztai 1989) and the contents of trypsin inhibitors (Ge & Morgan 1993). but a number of the observed disturbances in intestinal morphology remain unexplained (Silva et aL 1986;Dunsford, Knabe & Haensley 1989;Ratcliffe etal. 1989;Hancock etal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and regression of soybean meal induced enteritis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., distal intestine: a comparison with the intestines of fasted fish

Bæverfjord¹,

Krogdahl²

1996

J Fish Diseases

521

259

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The development ofa pathological conditiota in the distal intestine of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., induced by dietary soybean meal, was studied in a 6-week feeding experiment. The fully developed condition, as observed after 3 weeks on the experimental diets, was characterized by: (1) a shortening of heights ofthe mucosal foldings; (2) a loss ofthe normal supranuclcar vacuolization of the absorptive cells in the intestinal epithelium; {3} a widening of the central stroma within the mucosal foldings, with increased amounts of connective tissue; and (4) a profound infiltration of inflammatory ceils in the lamina propria. The first signs of morphological changes were observed after 2 days on a diet containing a solvent extracted soybean meal, and within 7 days, all the above mentioned signs were observed. When the fish were subsequently transferred to a control diet, the mucosal folds were rebuilt from the base, resulting in an apparently functional epithelium after 3 weeks. Starved fish also exhibited characteristic changes of the mucosa, including a finely granular cytoplasm replacing the supranuclear vacuoles seen in the epithelial cells of normal fish. In addition, a pattern of irregularly spaced indentations developed in the epithelium of the simple folds. The condition induced by dietary soybean meal was classified as a non-infectious subacute enteritis, and a pathogenesis involving immunological mechanisms is suggested.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and regression of soybean meal induced enteritis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., distal intestine: a comparison with the intestines of fasted fish

Bæverfjord¹,

Krogdahl²

1996

J Fish Diseases

521

259

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Milk protein in milk replacers for pre‐ruminants is commonly substituted by soy protein; however, animal performance is usually lower with soy protein diets than with milk protein diets (Lallès, 1993; Drackley et al., 2006). Soy protein‐based diets alter the jejunal morphology (Silva et al., 1986; Montagne et al., 1999) with consequences for the absorptive function (Seegraber and Morrill, 1986; Montagne et al., 2003), mainly caused by antigenic factors, e.g. immunoreactive globulins (Lallès et al., 1996), non‐nutritive components, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in the jejunum of young goats caused by feeding soy protein-based diets

Schönhusen

Kuhla

Rudolph

et al. 2010

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition

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This study was designed to investigate whether soy protein or soy protein supplemented with indispensable amino acids (AA) change the protein expression pattern and utilization of pre-cursors for RNA biosynthesis in jejunal mucosa in relation to casein and whether these changes affect mucosal cell growth. Kids were fed comparable diets based on cow;s milk, of which 50% of crude protein were replaced by either casein (CAS), soy protein (SP) or soy protein supplemented with indispensible AA (SPA) for 34 days (n = 4/group). Jejunal tissue was collected 5 h after adding a single dose of (15)N-RNA to the diet, in order to determine morphology, protein repertoire by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and RNA biosynthesis by isotope ratio-mass spectrometry. In mid-jejunum, morphological alterations induced by partial replacement of casein with soy protein were accompanied by changes in mucosal proteins related to generation of the cytoskeleton and in pathways for mucosal RNA biosynthesis, resulting in a smaller re-utilization of dietary RNA pre-cursors and in an increased activity of enzymes involved in nucleic acid breakdown. Soy protein supplemented with indispensible aminoacids tended to revise mucosal growth retardation with no impact on salvage of dietary RNA pre-cursors for mucosal RNA biosynthesis, but changes in cytoskeleton generation. Feeding soy protein with supplementation of indispensible AA does not ameliorate soy protein effects on mucosal morphology and RNA metabolism in the jejunum in a significant manner.

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“…Soy protein is an economical substitute for milk protein in milk replacers for preruminants; however, animal performance is usually lower with soy protein than with milk protein diets (Lallés, 1993). Soy proteinbased diets have been demonstrated to alter intestinal structure (Silva et al, 1986;Montagne et al, 1999), with consequences for absorptive function (Seegraber and Morrill, 1986;Montagne et al, 2003) that are believed to be caused mainly by antigenic factors (e.g., immunoreactive globulins; Lallés et al, 1996), nonnutritive components (e.g., isoflavones; Chen et al, 2005), and a deficit of essential AA (e.g., Met, Lys, Ile, Thr; Kanjanapruthipong, 1998). The exposure of preruminants to soy protein milk replacer diets leads to a lower content of protein and protein:RNA ratio in small intestinal mucosa that is associated with increased cell loss and turnover (Grant et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Soy Protein-Based Diet on Ribonucleic Acid Metabolism in the Small Intestinal Mucosa of Goat Kids

Schönhusen

Kuhla

Žitňan

et al. 2007

Journal of Dairy Science

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This study was designed to investigate the effect of soy protein inclusion in milk replacer diets for goat kids on protein, RNA, and DNA contents in small intestinal mucosa, on the importance of RNA biosynthesis from dietary RNA precursors for mucosal RNA synthesis, and on the activities of enzymes involved in nucleotide degradation in small intestinal mucosa. Diets were based on cow's milk. In the control group, 35% of the milk protein was replaced by casein (CN) protein, and in the soy group (SPAA), the same amount of milk protein was replaced by soy protein supplemented with essential AA known to be at lower concentrations in soy than in CN (Thr, Val, Ile, Leu, His, Lys, Met). Diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. At 47 d of age, goats were harvested and samples of proximal, middle, and distal jejunal mucosa were collected 5 h after feeding 15N-labeled RNA from yeast (13 mg/kg of body weight). Growth and feed conversion did not differ between the control and SPAA kids. Mucosal protein concentrations were lower in the SPAA than the control kids. Concentrations of RNA and DNA did not differ between feeding groups, but in all kids mucosal RNA concentrations were higher in proximal than in middle and distal jejunum. Protein:RNA ratios were higher in the control than the SPAA kids and were lowest in proximal jejunum. Activities of alkaline phosphatase in enterocytes were higher in proximal than in middle and distal jejunum. Activities of mucosal xanthine oxidase were highest in distal jejunum and were higher in the SPAA than the control kids, especially in the middle and distal sites. The 15N-enrichment of mucosal RNA was higher in the control than the SPAA kids, especially in distal jejunum, and was lowest in distal jejunum. In contrast, 15N-enrichment of urea in plasma tended to be higher and Gly concentration in plasma was lower in the SPAA than the control kids. Data indicate that protein content and the protein:RNA ratio were lower in jejunal mucosa of goat kids fed milk replacer with partial replacement of CN protein by soy protein. These findings were accompanied by a lower level of reutilization of preformed dietary RNA precursors for RNA biosynthesis in jejunal mucosa and a higher activity of xanthine oxidase. Thus, feeding soy protein instead of CN protein reduced the incorporation of preformed dietary RNA precursors for RNA biosynthesis in the mucosa and activated key enzymes involved in nucleic acid breakdown.

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Morphological Alterations of Small Intestinal Epithelium of Calves Caused by Feeding Soybean Protein

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Development and regression of soybean meal induced enteritis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., distal intestine: a comparison with the intestines of fasted fish

Development and regression of soybean meal induced enteritis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., distal intestine: a comparison with the intestines of fasted fish

Alterations in the jejunum of young goats caused by feeding soy protein-based diets

Effect of a Soy Protein-Based Diet on Ribonucleic Acid Metabolism in the Small Intestinal Mucosa of Goat Kids

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