Morphological, agronomical, physiological and molecular characterization of a high sugar mutant of sugarcane in comparison to mother variety

Abstract

Sugarcane is a significant crop plant with the capability of accumulating higher amount of sucrose. In the present study, a high sucrose content sugarcane mutant clone, GXB9, has been studied in comparison to the low sucrose mother clone B9 on morphological, agronomical and physiological level in order to scrutinize the variation because of mutation in GXB9 in field under normal environmental condition. The results showed that GXB9 has less germination, tillering rate, stalk height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, number of internodes, internode length and internode diameter than B9. Qualitative traits of leaf and stalk displayed significant variation between GXB9 and B9. Endogenous hormones quantity was also showed variation between the two clones. The relative SPAD reading and chlorophyll a, b concentrations also showed variation between GXB9 and B9. The photosynthetic parameter analysis indicated that the GXB9 has significantly higher net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) than B9. The qRT-PCR analysis of genes encoding enzymes like SPS, SuSy, CWIN, and CeS showed upregulation in GXB9 and downregulation in B9. However, these genes were significantly differentially expressed between the immature and maturing internodes of GXB9. The cane quality trait analysis showed that GXB9 had higher juice rate, juice gravity purity, brix, juice sucrose content and cane sucrose content than B9. The yield and component investigation results indicated that GXB9 had lower single stalk weight, however higher number of millable stalks per hectare than B9, and GXB9 had lower theoretical cane yield than B9. SSR marker analysis showed genetic variation between GXB9 and B9. This study has shown significant variation in the traits of GXB9 in comparison to B9 which advocates that GXB9 is a high sugar mutant clone of B9 and an elite source for future breeding.

Molecular Characterization of Early Maturing Sugarcane Clones Using Microsatellite Markers

“…PIC measures the extent of a marker system to differentiate among genotypes. Similar pattern were also studied by Liu et al [11], Santosh et al [12], Khan et al [10], Padmanabhan and Hemaprabha [13], Ali et al [14], Suman et al [7], Khan et al [16] and Huang et al [17].…”

UAV imagery data and machine learning: A driving merger for predictive analysis of qualitative yield in sugarcane

“…As sugarcane ripens, it accumulates sugars in organs throughout its structure, such as leaves, stalks, and roots. However, as it grows and develops vegetatively and reproductively, it significantly consumes them to sustain its physiological functions ( Khan et al., 2022 ). In advanced phenological stages, it transports photoassimilates from older (or senescent) leaves to younger parts, such as the stalk in its parenchymal cells and vacuoles ( Misra et al., 2022 ).…”

“…Therefore, our AI-intensive approach is innovative. It can realistically monitor saccharification on canopy reflectance during ripening, as photosynthetically active leaves determine stalk sugar concentration ( Khan et al., 2022 ). In addition, it can offer accurate and precise biophysical models to establish functional relationships between spectral features and indicators of technological quality ( Table 3 ).…”

“…However, if it is over-mature or at flowering, its respiration increases. As a result, net photosynthesis and available sucrose in the stalk decrease, driving the need to determine an optimal time to harvest cost-effective material for industrial processing ( Khan et al., 2022 ; Misra et al., 2022 ).…”

“…They can provide reliable indicators of the physiological conditions of a crop, such as sugarcane ( Barbosa Júnior et al., 2022b ). Therefore, evaluating them for fluorescence or measuring canopy reflectance can offer stakeholders possibilities to map and monitor the conversion of radiant energy to sucrose during ripening ( Khan et al., 2022 ; Misra et al., 2022 ). In regular mechanical harvesting plans, staff estimates the degree of maturity by measuring °Brix and Purity.…”