Morphologic Design of Silver-Bearing Sugar-Based Polymer Nanoparticles for Uroepithelial Cell Binding and Antimicrobial Delivery

Abstract

Platelet-like and cylindrical nanostructures from sugarbased polymers are designed to mimic the aspect ratio of bacteria and achieve uroepithelial cell binding and internalization, thereby improving their potential for local treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections. Polymer nanostructures, derived from amphiphilic block polymers composed of zwitterionic poly(D-glucose carbonate) and semicrystalline poly(L-lactide) segments, were constructed with morphologies that could be tuned to enhance uroepithelial cell binding. These nanoparticles exhibited negligible cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and cytokine adsorption, while also offering substantial silver cation loading capacity, extended release, and in vitro antimicrobial activity (as effective as free silver cations) against uropathogenic Escherichia coli. In comparison to spherical analogues, cylindrical and platelet-like nanostructures engaged in significantly higher association with uroepithelial cells, as measured by flow cytometry; despite their larger size, platelet-like nanostructures maintained the capacity for cell internalization. This work establishes initial evidence of degradable platelet-shaped nanostructures as versatile therapeutic carriers for treatment of epithelial infections.

Nanomaterial-Based Zinc Ion Interference Therapy to Combat Bacterial Infections

“…In the past decades, nanoscience and nanotechnology have flourished with outstanding progress ( 43 , 44 ). Various antibacterial nanomaterials, including liposomes ( 45 , 46 ), carbon-based nanomaterials ( 47 , 48 ), noble metal NPs ( 49 , 50 ), semiconductor NPs ( 51 ), and polymeric nanomaterials ( 52 ), are being developed as alternative therapeutic options to combat against bacterial infections. These nanomaterials not only could exert a good antibacterial activity by themselves ( 53 ) but also are loaded with antibiotics ( 54 ) or antimicrobial peptides ( 55 ).…”

Design of nanoconstructs that exhibit enhanced hemostatic efficiency and bioabsorbability

“…Recent progress in the synthesis of degradable polymer backbones and design of nanoparticles of diverse morphologies have allowed integration into hemostatic composites. [60][61][62][63] However, the types of polymers exploited, shape of nanoscopic features, degradability, and degradation products, might have a great effect on hemostatic efficiency, cyto-and immunotoxicities, and degradation/release kinetics. [64][65][66] More comprehensive studies should be conducted to achieve safe and effective bioabsorbable hemostatic materials, including identification and screening of the metabolites in vitro and in vivo.…”

Polymeric Nanomaterials for Efficient Delivery of Antimicrobial Agents

“…Very recently, Wooley and coworkers [80] fabricated spherical micelles, cylinders and nanoplates derived from the crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) of an amphiphilic block copolymer composed of zwitterionic poly( Very recently, Wooley and coworkers [80] fabricated spherical micelles, cylinders and nanoplates derived from the crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) of an amphiphilic block copolymer composed of zwitterionic poly(ᴅ-glucose carbonate) and semicrystalline poly(ʟ-lactide) segments (PDGC-b-PLLA). As illustrated in Figure 3, fluorescent molecule and cysteine were modified on the polymer in order to afford tracing ability and to chelate with silver ions, respectively.…”

“…Battaglia et al [71] reported the intracellular delivery of metronidazole or doxycycline to P. gingivalis-infected oral epithelial cells by polymer vesicles, which were disassembled in early endosomes due to the acidic condition, resulting in the release of loaded cargoes. Very recently, Wooley and coworkers [80] fabricated spherical micelles, cylinders and nanoplates derived from the crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) of an amphiphilic block copolymer composed of zwitterionic poly(ᴅ-glucose carbonate) and semicrystalline poly(ʟ-lactide) segments (PDGC-b-PLLA). As illustrated in Figure 3, fluorescent molecule and cysteine were modified on the polymer in order to afford tracing ability and to chelate with silver ions, respectively.…”