The construction and application of a new type of composite material are achieved more and more attention. However, expected Sb 2 Se 3 /attapulgite composites aim to use the low price, and high adsorption of attapulgite in assembling Sb 2 Se 3 is quite difficult to be acquired by a facile and benign environmental hydrothermal method. In this manuscript, we developed a new way for preparation of an emerging composite by means of Sb 2 O 3 as a media linking Sb 2 Se 3 and attapulgite together, and finally won an emerging composite Sb 2 Se 3 /Sb 2 O 3 @attapulgite, which presented an excellent catalytic properties for catalytic hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol. It was noted that the Sb 2 Se 3 /Sb 2 O 3 @ attapulgite composites exhibited a high conversion rate for the hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol that was up to 90.7% within 15 min, which was far more than the 61.5% of Sb 2 Se 3 sample. The excellent catalytic performance was attributed to the highly dispersion Sb 2 Se 3 microbelts and Sb 2 Se 3 @Sb 2 O 3 @ attapulgite rods, which would improve the adsorption of the reactant species and facility electronic transfer process of the catalytic hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol.General one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, metal or semiconducting nanowires and their composites which have been widely applied in catalysis 1-5 , energy conversion and storage devices 6-12 , gas sensors 13, 14 etc. More and more emerging composites will offer a perspective for new entries into novel structures and high technology applications [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] . Sb 2 Se 3 , one of a typical 1D nanostructured material in the group V-VI binary semiconductors, has attracted considerable attention due to its unique photovoltaic 24 , electrochemical properties 25 and efficient catalytic performance 26 . The synthesis of Sb 2 Se 3 using facile hydrothermal or solvothermal method has been extensively studied [25][26][27][28][29] . A large number of advanced techniques have been developed to fabricate one-dimensional (1D) nanostructured composites with well-controlled morphology and chemical composition. Among these methods, hydrothermal method seems to be the simplest and most versatile technique capable of generating 1D nanostructures (mainly nanorods, nanoflakes) 30,31 . However, application of Sb 2 Se 3 was limited since relatively low catalytic activity of rod-like bulk Sb 2 Se 3 with small specific area and easy aggregation of Sb 2 Se 3 nanoparticles with good property but slightly poor stability. Therefore, one of method for inhibiting aggregation and enhancing stability was to assemble the functional material onto another support material, such as carbon materials 32,33 , metal oxides 34,35 , natural clay mineral 36,37 , and so on. However, the synthesis of Sb 2 Se 3 nanocomposites using facile and benign environment hydrothermal method has not been extensively studied. In particular, in a Sb 2 Se 3 structures unit, (Sb 4 Se 6 ) n ribbons grow along the (001) direction through covalent Sb-Se bonds, while h...