Morphologic characterisation and elemental distribution of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 vestigial shell

Napoleão, Patrícia; Reis, Carlos; Alves, L.C.

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2005.01.081

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…We therefore recommend that a wider variety of vestigial skeletal structures in mammals be included in such lists to counter young-Earth creationist claims and increase public acceptance of macroevolution. Toward this end, the numerous vestigial structures in dinosaurs ( Senter, 2010 ), lizards ( Fürbringer, 1870 ; Essex, 1927 ; Stokely, 1947 ; Kearney, 2002 ; Moch & Senter, 2011 ), invertebrates (e.g., Emerson, 1961 ; Gibert et al, 2000 ; Napoleão et al, 2005 ; Bowsher, 2007 ; Gotoh, Ito & Billen, 2013 ), plants ( Wilson, 1982 ), and other organisms ( Senter et al, 2015 )—including the recently-discovered variety of vestigial organelles and endosymbionts in single-celled eukaryotes ( Ludwig & Gibbs, 1989 ; Triemer & Lewandowski, 1994 ; Sato, Tews & Wilson, 2000 ; Sekiguchi et al, 2002 ; Regoes et al, 2005 )—could also be cited. However, most people are more familiar with mammals and bones than with invertebrates and microbes and their anatomical structures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical survey of vestigial structures in the postcranial skeletons of extant mammals

Senter

Moch

2015

PeerJ

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In the Mammalia, vestigial skeletal structures abound but have not previously been the focus of study, with a few exceptions (e.g., whale pelves). Here we use a phylogenetic bracketing approach to identify vestigial structures in mammalian postcranial skeletons and present a descriptive survey of such structures in the Mammalia. We also correct previous misidentifications, including the previous misidentification of vestigial caviid metatarsals as sesamoids. We also examine the phylogenetic distribution of vestigiality and loss. This distribution indicates multiple vestigialization and loss events in mammalian skeletal structures, especially in the hand and foot, and reveals no correlation in such events between mammalian fore and hind limbs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical survey of vestigial structures in the postcranial skeletons of extant mammals

Senter

Moch

2015

PeerJ

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“…The S concentrations recorded in eggs, hatchlings and juvenile of Sepia officinalis, Loligo vulgaris and Octopus vulgaris globally fall within the S concentrations reported for the muscle of the squid Todarodes pacificus (Median = 4700 µg.g -1 wet weight) and in the ovary of the squid S. oualaniensis (3400 µg.g -1 wet weight) (Ichihashi et al, 2001ab). Sulphur is also abundant in the composition of hard structures of cephalopods such as the chitin of beaks (Hunt and Nixon, 1981), the vestigial shell of adult Octopus vulgaris (Napoleao et al, 2005b), the gladius of adult S. oualaniensis (Ichihashi et al 2001a), and the eggshell of the cirrate octopods (Villanueva, 1992).…”

Section: Elemental Content Profiles Of Early Stages Of Cephalopodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition in essential and non-essential elements of early stages of cephalopods and dietary effects on the elemental profiles of Octopus vulgaris paralarvae

Villanueva

Bustamante

2006

Aquaculture

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International audienceDuring the present study, we aimed at providing a first look at the elemental composition of the early stages of cephalopods as an approach to their elemental requirements in culture. Essential and non-essential elemental profiles of the European cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, the European squid Loligo vulgaris and the common octopus Octopus vulgaris laboratory hatchlings and wild juveniles were analysed. In addition, for O. vulgaris we determined elemental profiles of mature ovary, eggs in different stages of development and followed possible effects of four dietary treatments during paralarval rearing, also analyzing elemental content of the live preys Artemia nauplii and Maja brachydactyla hatchling zoeae. Content was determined for essential (As, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Rb, S, Sr, Zn) and non-essential (Ag, Al, Ba, Cd, Hg, Pb) elements. The content in non-essential elements found in hatchlings and juveniles of the three species analyzed here seems to be far lower in comparison with subadult and adult stages of coastal cephalopods. In the octopus eggs, the non-essential element concentrations remained globally low compared to hatchlings and juveniles indicating the absorption of these elements along the ontogenetic development. The elemental composition of the octopus ovary and of the eggs, hatchlings and juveniles of the three cephalopod species analyzed here showed a high content in S. As expected, the calcified internal shell of the cuttlefish, rich in Ca and Sr, originates the main difference between species. It is remarkable the richness in Cu of hatchling octopus, that may indicate a particular nutritional requirement for this element during the planktonic life. The reared octopus paralarvae feed on Artemia nauplii, a prey with relatively low Cu content, showed nearly half Cu content that the "natural" profile of octopus hatchlings or wild juveniles. This suggests a dietary effect and/or an indication of the poor physiological stage of the Artemia-fed paralarvae. At the present, the percentage of essential element absorption by food or seawater is unknown for cephalopods and should be determined in the future to understand their feeding requirements in culture

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“…Recently, Hermosilla et al (2010) validated daily increments in the stylets of O. vulgaris. The investigators injected tetracycline and oxytetracycline, both of which form chelates with calcium, one of the major components of the structure (Napoleao et al 2005). This resulted in a 'mark' visible by fluorescence, permitting correlation of number of growth increments with a known number of days between date of treatment and date of an animal's sacrifice (Hermosilla et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating age in Octopus vulgaris: estimation, validation and seasonal differences

Canali¹,

Ponte²,

Belcari³

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Several internal structures have been used to estimate age in the cephalopod Octopus vulgaris, but with limited accuracy. We estimated age by investigating growth increments (rings) in the upper beaks of octopus collected between 2003 and 2010 in the Bay of Naples, Italy (Mediterranean Sea). To validate the daily periodicity of ring deposition, 'thermal shock marking' was for the first time applied to live octopuses fished between 2009 and 2010; this method produced a mark on the beak corresponding to the day of thermal shock, enabling us to elucidate the relationship between ring number and time elapsed (i.e. ~30 d). In addition, rings were counted in > 700 preserved specimens of O. vulgaris collected between 2003 and 2009, also in the Bay of Naples. The estimated age of of these octopuses ranged from about 70 to 370 d. Specimens with similar body weights had different numbers of rings, confirming the view that body size is a not a good index of age. Additionally, the relationship between body weight and number of rings was affected by sex and season, with the distance between rings clearly correlated to seasonal temperature oscillations. Our data suggest that different cohorts of octopus exist in the Bay of Naples and that temperature has a strong influence on growth. Overall the results demonstrate that growth increments in the upper beak of O. vulgaris provide a reliable method of aging that can be applied to assessing differences in the growth patterns in wild populations, and one that provides a record of environmental influences upon an individual. KEY WORDS: Octopus · Age · Thermal marking · Upper beak · Seasonal variability Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 441: 141-149, 2011 142 Age determination in cephalopods has been based on both indirect and direct methods. Indirect methods are not reliable with cephalopods (e.g. Semmens et al. 2004), mainly because growth in any cephalopod species appears to be affected by a series of both biotic and abiotic factors, leading to large individual variability (Mangold 1983, Forsythe & Van Heukelem 1987, Domain et al. 2000, Belcari et al. 2002. As a consequence, body size (weight and dorsal mantle length) is not a reliable indicator of age. For this reason indirect methods require validation by at least one direct method (Krstuloviç Šifner 2008).Among direct methods, one of the most useful means of age estimation in cephalopods is statolith increment analysis. This method has been systematically applied to squids (Arkhipkin & Laptikhovsky 1994, Jackson 1994, Rocha & Guerra 1999, Arkhipkin 2005, Ikeda & Kobayashi 2010 and to cuttlefish (Raya et al. 1994, Bettencourt & Guerra 2001, Challier et al. 2002. Unfortunately, statolith analysis is not useful here as octopus species, including Octopus vulgaris, lack growth rings in this structure (Young 1960, Lombarte et al. 2006). In the case of O. vulgaris, other internal structures have been analysed over the past 20 yr for direct age determination. ...

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Morphologic characterisation and elemental distribution of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 vestigial shell

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

A critical survey of vestigial structures in the postcranial skeletons of extant mammals

A critical survey of vestigial structures in the postcranial skeletons of extant mammals

Composition in essential and non-essential elements of early stages of cephalopods and dietary effects on the elemental profiles of Octopus vulgaris paralarvae

Evaluating age in Octopus vulgaris: estimation, validation and seasonal differences

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