Morphologic and Morphometric Study of Human Acetabulum and its Clinical Significance

Abstract

Introduction: The acetabulum is a cup shaped hemispherical depression which is present on the hip bone, contributed by ilium, ischium and pubis. It has a central depressed non-articular part called acetabular fossa, surrounded by a curved lunate articular surface which articulates with the head of femur to form hip joint. The knowledge of acetabular dimensions assists the radiologists in diagnosing acetabular dysplasia and aids the surgeon to determine the correct size of the acetabular cup during total hip arthroplasty and to realign the acetabulum back to normal position. Aim: To measure and analyse the relationship between the depth and diameter of acetabulum and also to study the variations in the morphology of anterior acetabular ridge. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 104 unpaired dry human adult hip bones from February 2017 to September 2019 after obtaining ethical clearance. The diameter and depth of acetabulum was measured using vernier calliper and a metallic strip and correlation between them were analysed using Pearson’s test. Student’s t-test was used to test the significance between the variables. The p-value <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. The different shapes of anterior acetabular ridge were noted. All the recorded data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 16.0). Results: The average measurements of acetabular diameter and depth were 48.98±2.91 mm and 24.12±2.54 mm, respectively. A positive and a significant correlation was found between diameter and depth of the acetabulum (r=0.388, p<0.001). The mean values of diameter and depth of acetabulum in right side were 48.76±2.94 mm and 23.6±2.48 mm, respectively. The average values of diameter and depth in left side were 49.2±2.92 mm and 24.6±2.59 mm, respectively. Though the measurements of acetabular dimensions on left side were slightly greater than right side, they were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Four different shapes of anterior acetabular ridges were noted: angular (23.08%), curved (63.46%), straight (2.88%) and irregular (10.58%). Conclusion: The present study showed weakly positive correlation between diameter and depth of the acetabulum and morphological variations in the shape of anterior acetabular ridge.

Acetabulum Rekonstrüksiyonunda Erişkin İnsan Kuru Os coxae’sına ait Morfometrik Ölçümlerin Önemi

“…In addition, a very strong positive statistically significant correlation was obtained between LH and IH (r: 0.853, p<0.001) and ADA and VDA (r: 0.881, p<0.001) measurements. [10,11,[15][16][17][18] Upon the examination of radiological images of Chinese adults, Zeng et al found the mean MDA value to be 19.3 mm on the right and 19.4 mm on the left in male and 17.3 mm on the right and 17.4 mm on the left in female. [19] In a study conducted by Indurjeeth et al on the dry hip bones of the Black African population of South Africa, mean VDA, MDA, and LLAN values were found to be 54.84 mm, 31.30 mm, and 21.72 mm, respectively.…”

Morphometric study of acetabular depth and coverage and their clinical importance

“…Studies have been carried out to determine these parameters to assist Orthopedic Surgeons and Biomedical Engineers in development of suitable hip joint prostheses. 16 Also these measurements are different in different individuals and in various population groups. 17 Abnormalities develop in biomechanics of hip due to the anomalies in acetabular parameters such as, depth, width and diameter resulting in dysplasia of hip, which in turn leads to instability of the hip joint, causing enhanced degeneration of the articular cartilage and ultimately ending in osteoarthritis.…”

“…Studies have been carried out to determine these parameters to assist Orthopedic Surgeons and Biomedical Engineers in development of suitable hip joint prostheses. 16 Also these measurements are different in different individuals and in various population groups. 17…”

Study of Morphometric Analysis of Acetabulum and its Clinical Correlation

“…The articulating surface is termed the lunate. The body weight is transferred to the femur through the lunate, which has its broadest surface just above the point of weight bearing (2) .…”

“…The rim of the acetabulum is a ridge formed by the ilium, the ischium, and the pubis. The articular, or hip joint-forming, portion of this opening is termed the lunate surface, and the non-articular, or acetabular, fossa portion is called the acetabular fossa and is covered by a fatty pad (2) . Inferiorly (at the acetabular notch), the articular portion of the acetabular cavity is incomplete, with a sharp tip at its anterior end and a semilunar form at its posterior end.…”