Morphologic and Microspectrophotometric Studies on Spontaneous Melanomas in 
            Xiphophorus helleri

Ishikawa, Takatoshi; Sakakibara, Koko; Kurumado, Katsumaro; Shimada, Hideaki; Yamaguchi, Kazuyoshi

doi:10.1093/jnci/54.6.1373

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…He studied melanomas extensively in nibe croaker living in shallow sea waters in Japan [12]. As the pathology offish melanomas has been dealt with in detail elsewhere [2,5,[10][11][12][13][14] we will mention it only briefly here. Forty melanomas in five kinds of fish tumors were nielanotic, but a few were amelanotic.…”

Section: Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pigment Cells and Pigment Cell Tumors in Fish.

Masahito¹,

Ishikawa²,

Sugano³

1989

J Invest Dermatol

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The three basic pigment cell types found in poikilothermic vertebrates, melanocytes (melanin-producing cells), erythrophores (red or yellow pigment cells), and iridophores (iridescence-producing cells), are derived from neural crest. Neoplasms of pigment cells in fish are also of three phenotypes, melanomas (melanophoromas), erythrophoromas, and iridophoromas, showing the phenotypes of their corresponding normal pigment cells. These pigment cell tumors are among the most common types in bony fish and seem to be more common in fish than in mammals, including humans. Moreover, there are no mammalian neoplasms corresponding to erythrophoromas and iridophoromas in fish. The complexities in the nature and classification of pigment cell tumors in fish will be discussed on the basis of a survey of our collection of these tumors at the Cancer Institute. The etiology of pigment cell tumors in fish is obscure. In order to know whether activated oncogene is involved in the genesis of erythrophoromas in goldfish, the ras genes from normal and erythrophoroma cells were cloned and their nucleotide sequences were compared. The goldfish ras gene and human ras genes showed striking homology. However, no point mutation at the 12th codon was observed in ras genes isolated from erythrophoromas. Besides pigment cell tumors in fish, abnormal pigmentation or depigmentation in flounders associated with diseased conditions is also described.

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Section: Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histologically, tumors were composed of dendritic or spindle-shaped tumorous melanocytes (Fig 5). The ultrastructure of fish melanoma has been described in detail [5,12,13]. Many melanosomes were densely aggregated in the main body of the cytoplasm and were also evident in the dendritic processes.…”

Section: Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigment Cells and Pigment Cell Tumors in Fish.

Masahito¹,

Ishikawa²,

Sugano³

1989

J Invest Dermatol

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“…The histopathological and genetic characteristics of melanomas induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) or UV radiation help to classify various types of melanoma including (i) melanocytic melanomas, (ii) melanophorous- macromelanophorous polymorphic melanomas, (iii) spindle cell type melanomas, (iv) epithelioid cell melanomas and (v) amelanotic melanomas in vivo [86]. In the case of cross and backcross, both Xiphophorus maculatus and Xiphophorus helleri showed susceptibility to developing invasive melanoma by the radiation exposure and confirmed that fish can provide similar aspects to mammalian melanoma in vivo [91,92].…”

Section: Platyfish (Xiphophorus Sp)mentioning

confidence: 98%

The Power of Fish Models to Elucidate Skin Cancer Pathogenesis and Impact the Discovery of New Therapeutic Opportunities

Sarasamma

Lai

Liang

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Animal models play important roles in investigating the pathobiology of cancer, identifying relevant pathways, and developing novel therapeutic tools. Despite rapid progress in the understanding of disease mechanisms and technological advancement in drug discovery, negative trial outcomes are the most frequent incidences during a Phase III trial. Skin cancer is a potential life-threatening disease in humans and might be medically futile when tumors metastasize. This explains the low success rate of melanoma therapy amongst other malignancies. In the past decades, a number of skin cancer models in fish that showed a parallel development to the disease in humans have provided important insights into the fundamental biology of skin cancer and future treatment methods. With the diversity and breadth of advanced molecular genetic tools available in fish biology, fish skin cancer models will continue to be refined and expanded to keep pace with the rapid development of skin cancer research. This review begins with a brief introduction of molecular characteristics of skin cancers, followed by an overview of teleost models that have been used in the last decades in melanoma research. Next, we will detail the importance of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) animal model and other emerging fish models including platyfish (Xiphophorus sp.), and medaka (Oryzias latipes) in future cutaneous malignancy studies. The last part of this review provides the recent development and genome editing applications of skin cancer models in zebrafish and the progress in small molecule screening.

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“…These hybrid melanomas originate from cells within polymorphic pigment patterns derived from the platyfish strains, which become phenotypically enhanced in hybrid progeny, typically showing a large proportion of relatively undifferentiated, actively proliferating melanocytes (Anders, 1991; Gordon, 1959; Vielkind, 1976; Vielkind and Vielkind, 1982). Human melanomas also consist of melanocytes with poorly regulated proliferation (Sauter and Herlyn, 1998), and both Xiphophorus and human melanomas exhibit similarities in their histopathologies (Gimenez‐Conti et al., 2001; Grand et al., 1941; Ishikawa et al., 1975; Sobel et al., 1975; Vielkind and Vielkind, 1970; Vielkind et al., 1971). Transplanted Xiphophorus melanomas are vascularized and grow in nude mice in a manner indistinguishable from transplanted human melanomas, while maintaining expression of fish antigens (Schartl and Peter, 1988).…”

Section: Xiphophorus Melanoma Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and environmental melanoma models in fish

Patton

Mitchell

Nairn

2010

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res

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Experimental animal models are extremely valuable for the study of human diseases, especially those with underlying genetic components. The exploitation of various animal models, from fruitflies to mice, has led to major advances in our understanding of the etiologies of many diseases, including cancer. Cutaneous malignant melanoma is a form of cancer for which both environmental insult (i.e., UV) and hereditary predisposition are major causative factors. Fish melanoma models have been used in studies of both spontaneous and induced melanoma formation. Genetic hybrids between platyfish and swordtails, different species of the genus Xiphophorus, have been studied since the 1920s to identify genetic determinants of pigmentation and melanoma formation. Recently, transgenesis has been used to develop zebrafish and medaka models for melanoma research. This review will provide a historical perspective on the use of fish models in melanoma research, and an updated summary of current and prospective studies using these unique experimental systems.

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Morphologic and Microspectrophotometric Studies on Spontaneous Melanomas in Xiphophorus helleri

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Pigment Cells and Pigment Cell Tumors in Fish.

Pigment Cells and Pigment Cell Tumors in Fish.

The Power of Fish Models to Elucidate Skin Cancer Pathogenesis and Impact the Discovery of New Therapeutic Opportunities

Genetic and environmental melanoma models in fish

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